Te-Yi Shen1, Carol Strong1, Tsung Yu2. 1. Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. 2. Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Electronic address: tsungyu@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Previous research suggested age at menopause may predict risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and diabetes mortality; however, findings were inconsistent across populations. We aimed to investigate this association in Taiwanese postmenopausal women. STUDY DESIGN: We used data from the MJ Health Database in Taiwan and included 36,931 postmenopausal women who entered health check-up programs during 1999-2016. Information on age at menopause and covariates were collected from health surveys and medical examinations at baseline. Age at menopause was categorized into <40-44, 45-49, 50-54 (reference) and 55-60 years. We used Cox proportional hazards regression for analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Causes of death (obtained from the National Register of Death as of July 2018). RESULTS: Mean age (SD) at menopause was 50.2 (4.0) years and there were 5316 deaths over an average follow-up time of 14.6 years. After adjustment for birth cohort, education, smoking, BMI and comorbidities, results showed women aged <40-44 years at menopause compared with the reference category had higher diabetes mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.44; 95 % CI: 1.03, 2.02). Women aged 45-49 years at menopause had higher all-cause mortality (HR = 1.07, 1.01, 1.14), and these women were also associated with increased CVD mortality (HR = 1.22; 1.07, 1.40). CONCLUSIONS: In Taiwanese women, early age (<40-44) at menopause is associated with higher diabetes mortality, and earlier age (45-49) at menopause is associated with higher all-cause and CVD mortality. Age at menopause could be deemed an important cardio-metabolic disease marker for women at midlife that indicates future longevity.
OBJECTIVE: Previous research suggested age at menopause may predict risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and diabetes mortality; however, findings were inconsistent across populations. We aimed to investigate this association in Taiwanese postmenopausal women. STUDY DESIGN: We used data from the MJ Health Database in Taiwan and included 36,931 postmenopausal women who entered health check-up programs during 1999-2016. Information on age at menopause and covariates were collected from health surveys and medical examinations at baseline. Age at menopause was categorized into <40-44, 45-49, 50-54 (reference) and 55-60 years. We used Cox proportional hazards regression for analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Causes of death (obtained from the National Register of Death as of July 2018). RESULTS: Mean age (SD) at menopause was 50.2 (4.0) years and there were 5316 deaths over an average follow-up time of 14.6 years. After adjustment for birth cohort, education, smoking, BMI and comorbidities, results showed women aged <40-44 years at menopause compared with the reference category had higher diabetes mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.44; 95 % CI: 1.03, 2.02). Women aged 45-49 years at menopause had higher all-cause mortality (HR = 1.07, 1.01, 1.14), and these women were also associated with increased CVDmortality (HR = 1.22; 1.07, 1.40). CONCLUSIONS: In Taiwanese women, early age (<40-44) at menopause is associated with higher diabetes mortality, and earlier age (45-49) at menopause is associated with higher all-cause and CVDmortality. Age at menopause could be deemed an important cardio-metabolic disease marker for women at midlife that indicates future longevity.
Authors: Yuan Sui; Chien-Tai Hong; Li-Nien Chien; Hung-Yi Liu; Hung-Yi Chiou; Yi-Chen Hsieh Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-10-13 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Shih-Hao Huang; Peng-Ju Huang; Jhong-You Li; Yu-De Su; Cheng-Chang Lu; Chia-Lung Shih Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-03-25 Impact factor: 3.390