Bryan Chin Hou Ang1,2, Kai Xiong Cheong3,4, Mellisa Mei Hui Tan4, Edmund Wei Long Lim4, Frederick Lian Kheng Tey5, Colin Siang Hui Tan6,7, Marcus Chiang Lee Tan4. 1. National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. drbryanang@gmail.com. 2. Vision Performance Centre, Military Medicine Institute, Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore, Singapore. drbryanang@gmail.com. 3. Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore. 4. Vision Performance Centre, Military Medicine Institute, Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore, Singapore. 5. DSO National Laboratories, Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore. 6. National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. 7. Fundus Image Reading Center, National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To describe visual performance in high myopia. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 148 emmetropes [spherical equivalent (SE) - 0.50 to + 1.00 D] and 564 high myopes [SE ≤ - 6.00 D] were categorised into three groups (Group 1: SE - 6.00 to > - 8.00 D; Group 2: SE - 8.00 to > - 10.00 D; and Group 3: SE ≤ - 10.00 D). Multivariate regression analyses adjusting for age and ethnicity examined the relationship between corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) [photopic, mesopic and super vision test-night vision goggles (SVT-NVG)] and contrast sensitivity (CS)] (mesopic and SVT-NVG) with SE and axial length (AL). RESULTS: Mean age of subjects was 21.07 ± 1.17 years, and majority were Chinese (91.9%). Mean SE was 0.10 ± 0.23 D (emmetropes) and - 8.76 ± 2.04 D (high myopes), p < 0.001. Higher degrees of myopia were associated with reduced CDVA and CS, and increased AL (all p < 0.001). Among high myopes, Group 1 had the highest proportion of subjects with good CDVA (photopic ≤ 0.00 LogMAR, mesopic ≤ 0.00 LogMAR and NVG ≤ 0.10 LogMAR) and CS (mesopic ≥ 0.75 LogCS and NVG ≥ 0.35 LogCS) compared with Groups 2 and 3 (all p < 0.001). Among high myopes with good VA (photopic ≤ 0.00 LogMAR, mesopic ≤ 0.00 LogMAR and NVG ≤ 0.10 LogMAR), Group 1 also had the highest proportion of subjects who achieved mesopic ≥ 0.75 LogCS and NVG ≥ 0.35 LogCS (both p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that reduced VA and CS were associated with decreased SE and increased AL (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High myopia is associated with reduced VA and reduced CS.
PURPOSE: To describe visual performance in high myopia. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 148 emmetropes [spherical equivalent (SE) - 0.50 to + 1.00 D] and 564 high myopes [SE ≤ - 6.00 D] were categorised into three groups (Group 1: SE - 6.00 to > - 8.00 D; Group 2: SE - 8.00 to > - 10.00 D; and Group 3: SE ≤ - 10.00 D). Multivariate regression analyses adjusting for age and ethnicity examined the relationship between corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) [photopic, mesopic and super vision test-night vision goggles (SVT-NVG)] and contrast sensitivity (CS)] (mesopic and SVT-NVG) with SE and axial length (AL). RESULTS: Mean age of subjects was 21.07 ± 1.17 years, and majority were Chinese (91.9%). Mean SE was 0.10 ± 0.23 D (emmetropes) and - 8.76 ± 2.04 D (high myopes), p < 0.001. Higher degrees of myopia were associated with reduced CDVA and CS, and increased AL (all p < 0.001). Among high myopes, Group 1 had the highest proportion of subjects with good CDVA (photopic ≤ 0.00 LogMAR, mesopic ≤ 0.00 LogMAR and NVG ≤ 0.10 LogMAR) and CS (mesopic ≥ 0.75 LogCS and NVG ≥ 0.35 LogCS) compared with Groups 2 and 3 (all p < 0.001). Among high myopes with good VA (photopic ≤ 0.00 LogMAR, mesopic ≤ 0.00 LogMAR and NVG ≤ 0.10 LogMAR), Group 1 also had the highest proportion of subjects who achieved mesopic ≥ 0.75 LogCS and NVG ≥ 0.35 LogCS (both p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that reduced VA and CS were associated with decreased SE and increased AL (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:High myopia is associated with reduced VA and reduced CS.