Fgfr3 Is a Positive Regulator of Osteoblast Expansion and Differentiation During Zebrafish Skull Vault Development.

Gain or loss-of-function mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) result in cranial vault defects highlighting the protein's role in membranous ossification. Zebrafish express high levels of fgfr3 during skull development; in order to study FGFR3's role in cranial vault development, we generated the first fgfr3 loss-of-function zebrafish (fgfr3lof/lof ). The mutant fish exhibited major changes in the craniofacial skeleton, with a lack of sutures, abnormal frontal and parietal bones, and the presence of ectopic bones. Integrated analyses (in vivo imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing of the osteoblast lineage) of zebrafish fgfr3lof/lof revealed a delay in osteoblast expansion and differentiation, together with changes in the extracellular matrix. These findings demonstrate that fgfr3 is a positive regulator of osteogenesis. We conclude that changes in the extracellular matrix within growing bone might impair cell-cell communication, mineralization, and new osteoblast recruitment.