Perinephric abscess in a renal transplant recipient due to Mycoplasma hominis: Case report and review of the literature.

A 42-year-old man presented with nausea, malaise, and pain at his renal graft site 4 months following deceased donor renal transplant. His transplantation had been complicated by urinary leak with delayed wound closure requiring ureteral revision with biologic mesh placement. The initial evaluation in the hospital revealed urinalysis with significant pyuria as well as abdominal CT imaging concerning for abscess formation anterior to the grafted kidney. Interventional radiology (IR) guided drainage of this abscess yielded growth of Enterococcus faecalis treated with intravenous ampicillin/sulbactam. He continued to have pain at his graft site and repeat imaging revealed a persistent abscess despite prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Urine cultures isolated Mycoplasma species. A repeat aspirate of abscess fluid collected and Mycoplasma hominis was identified by molecular test. Patient's symptoms abated and his abscess completely resolved on repeat imaging after completing a course of oral moxifloxacin and doxycycline. His immunosuppression did not require adjustment and the renal graft continued to function well following this therapy. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma should be considered as a potential etiology for perinephric abscess in renal transplant recipients.