Seyed Mohammad Mousavi1,2, Somaye Rigi1, Mehdi Shayanfar3, Minoo Mohammad-Shirazi3, Giuve Sharifi4, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh1,5,6. 1. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4. Department of Neurosurgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5. Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 6. Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Abstract
Objective: Grain consumption has been associated with brain carcinogenesis in earlier studies, however, no data are available examining the association between refined grains consumption and risk of glioma. The current study was done to investigate the association between refined grains consumption and risk of glioma in Iranian adults. Methods: This hospital-based case-control study was performed on 128 pathologically confirmed cases with glioma and 256 age- and sex-matched controls in Tehran, Iran. Dietary intakes of participants including refined grains consumption were collected using a validated Block-format 123-item detailed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Refined grains were considered as the sum of white breads, pasta, rice, boiled and fried potato, sweets, and cookies. Results: A significant positive association was found between refined grains consumption and glioma (OR: 3.51, 95% CI: 1.97-6.26, Ptrend < 0.001). This association did not change after adjustment for energy intake (OR: 4.30, 95% CI: 2.27-8.15, Ptrend < 0.001). After controlling for potential confounders, those in the top tertile of refined grains consumption were significantly more likely to have glioma than those in the bottom tertile (OR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.38-6.17, Ptrend = 0.007). This significant association remained unchanged, even after further adjustment for other dietary variables (OR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.15-5.63, Ptrend = 0.02) and BMI (OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.12-5.53, Ptrend = 0.03). Conclusion: We found a significant positive association between refined grains consumption and odds of glioma. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Objective: Grain consumption has been associated with brain carcinogenesis in earlier studies, however, no data are available examining the association between refined grains consumption and risk of glioma. The current study was done to investigate the association between refined grains consumption and risk of glioma in Iranian adults. Methods: This hospital-based case-control study was performed on 128 pathologically confirmed cases with glioma and 256 age- and sex-matched controls in Tehran, Iran. Dietary intakes of participants including refined grains consumption were collected using a validated Block-format 123-item detailed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Refined grains were considered as the sum of white breads, pasta, rice, boiled and fried potato, sweets, and cookies. Results: A significant positive association was found between refined grains consumption and glioma (OR: 3.51, 95% CI: 1.97-6.26, Ptrend < 0.001). This association did not change after adjustment for energy intake (OR: 4.30, 95% CI: 2.27-8.15, Ptrend < 0.001). After controlling for potential confounders, those in the top tertile of refined grains consumption were significantly more likely to have glioma than those in the bottom tertile (OR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.38-6.17, Ptrend = 0.007). This significant association remained unchanged, even after further adjustment for other dietary variables (OR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.15-5.63, Ptrend = 0.02) and BMI (OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.12-5.53, Ptrend = 0.03). Conclusion: We found a significant positive association between refined grains consumption and odds of glioma. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.