Katherine E MacDuffie1, Mark D Shen1, Stephen R Dager1, Martin A Styner1, Sun Hyung Kim1, Sarah Paterson1, Juhi Pandey1, Tanya St John1, Jed T Elison1, Jason J Wolff1, Meghan R Swanson1, Kelly N Botteron1, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum1, Joseph Piven1, Annette M Estes1. 1. Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences (MacDuffie, St. John, Estes), and Department of Radiology (Dager), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Styner, Kim), Biomedical Research Imaging Center (Styner), and Neurodevelopmental Research Center (Piven), University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Paterson); Department of Child Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (Pandey); Institute of Child Development (Elison), Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson); Department of Child Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis (Botteron); and Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (Zwaigenbaum).
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Sleep patterns in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) appear to diverge from typical development in the second or third year of life. Little is known, however, about the occurrence of sleep problems in infants who later develop ASD and possible effects on early brain development. In a longitudinal neuroimaging study of infants at familial high or low risk for ASD, parent-reported sleep onset problems were examined in relation to subcortical brain volumes in the first 2 years of life. METHODS: A total of 432 infants were included across three study groups: infants at high risk who developed ASD (N=71), infants at high risk who did not develop ASD (N=234), and infants at low risk (N=127). Sleep onset problem scores (derived from an infant temperament measure) were evaluated in relation to longitudinal high-resolution T1 and T2 structural imaging data acquired at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. RESULTS: Sleep onset problems were more common at 6-12 months among infants who later developed ASD. Infant sleep onset problems were related to hippocampal volume trajectories from 6 to 24 months only for infants at high risk who developed ASD. Brain-sleep relationships were specific to the hippocampus; no significant relationships were found with volume trajectories of other subcortical structures examined (the amygdala, caudate, globus pallidus, putamen, and thalamus). CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide initial evidence that sleep onset problems in the first year of life precede ASD diagnosis and are associated with altered neurodevelopmental trajectories in infants at high familial risk who go on to develop ASD. If replicated, these findings could provide new insights into a potential role of sleep difficulties in the development of ASD.
OBJECTIVE: Sleep patterns in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) appear to diverge from typical development in the second or third year of life. Little is known, however, about the occurrence of sleep problems in infants who later develop ASD and possible effects on early brain development. In a longitudinal neuroimaging study of infants at familial high or low risk for ASD, parent-reported sleep onset problems were examined in relation to subcortical brain volumes in the first 2 years of life. METHODS: A total of 432 infants were included across three study groups: infants at high risk who developed ASD (N=71), infants at high risk who did not develop ASD (N=234), and infants at low risk (N=127). Sleep onset problem scores (derived from an infant temperament measure) were evaluated in relation to longitudinal high-resolution T1 and T2 structural imaging data acquired at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. RESULTS: Sleep onset problems were more common at 6-12 months among infants who later developed ASD. Infant sleep onset problems were related to hippocampal volume trajectories from 6 to 24 months only for infants at high risk who developed ASD. Brain-sleep relationships were specific to the hippocampus; no significant relationships were found with volume trajectories of other subcortical structures examined (the amygdala, caudate, globus pallidus, putamen, and thalamus). CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide initial evidence that sleep onset problems in the first year of life precede ASD diagnosis and are associated with altered neurodevelopmental trajectories in infants at high familial risk who go on to develop ASD. If replicated, these findings could provide new insights into a potential role of sleep difficulties in the development of ASD.
Entities:
Keywords:
Autism Spectrum Disorder; Infants; Sleep Problems. Development
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