Aino-Maija Eloranta1,2, Taisa Sallinen3,4, Anna Viitasalo2, Niina Lintu2, Juuso Väistö2, Henna Jalkanen2, Tuomo T Tompuri2,5, Sonja Soininen2,6, Eero A Haapala2,7, Sanna Kiiskinen2, Theresia M Schnurr8, Tuomas O Kilpeläinen8, Santtu Mikkonen9, Kai Savonen5,10, Mustafa Atalay2, Soren Brage11, David E Laaksonen12, Virpi Lindi13, Jyrki Ågren2, Ursula Schwab1,12, Jarmo Jääskeläinen14, Timo A Lakka2,5,10. 1. Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland. 2. Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 3. Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland. taisa.sallinen@uef.fi. 4. Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. taisa.sallinen@uef.fi. 5. Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 6. Social and Health Center, City of Varkaus, Varkaus, Finland. 7. Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland. 8. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 9. Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 10. Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland. 11. MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. 12. Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. 13. University of Eastern Finland Library Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. 14. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Abstract
PURPOSE: We studied the effects of a physical activity and dietary intervention on plasma lipids in a general population of children. We also investigated how lifestyle changes contributed to the intervention effects. METHODS: We carried out a 2-year controlled, non-randomized lifestyle intervention study among 504 mainly prepubertal children aged 6-9 years at baseline. We assigned 306 children to the intervention group and 198 children to the control group. We assessed plasma concentrations of total, LDL, HDL, and VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL triglycerides, and VLDL triglycerides. We evaluated the consumption of foods using 4-day food records and physical activity using a movement and heart rate sensor. We analyzed data using linear mixed-effect models adjusted for age at baseline, sex, and pubertal stage at both time points. Furthermore, specific lifestyle variables were entered in these models. RESULTS: Plasma LDL cholesterol decreased in the intervention group but did not change in the control group ( - 0.05 vs. 0.00 mmol/L, regression coefficient (β) = - 0.0385, p = 0.040 for group*time interaction). This effect was mainly explained by the changes in the consumption of high-fat vegetable oil-based spreads (β = - 0.0203, + 47% change in β) and butter-based spreads (β = - 0.0294, + 30% change in β), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (β = - 0.0268, + 30% change in β), light physical activity (β = - 0.0274, + 29% change in β) and sedentary time (β = - 0.0270, + 30% change in β). The intervention had no effect on other plasma lipids. CONCLUSION: Lifestyle intervention resulted a small decrease in plasma LDL cholesterol concentration in children. The effect was explained by changes in quality and quantity of dietary fat and physical activity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER: NCT01803776, ClinicalTrials.gov.
PURPOSE: We studied the effects of a physical activity and dietary intervention on plasma lipids in a general population of children. We also investigated how lifestyle changes contributed to the intervention effects. METHODS: We carried out a 2-year controlled, non-randomized lifestyle intervention study among 504 mainly prepubertal children aged 6-9 years at baseline. We assigned 306 children to the intervention group and 198 children to the control group. We assessed plasma concentrations of total, LDL, HDL, and VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL triglycerides, and VLDL triglycerides. We evaluated the consumption of foods using 4-day food records and physical activity using a movement and heart rate sensor. We analyzed data using linear mixed-effect models adjusted for age at baseline, sex, and pubertal stage at both time points. Furthermore, specific lifestyle variables were entered in these models. RESULTS: Plasma LDL cholesterol decreased in the intervention group but did not change in the control group ( - 0.05 vs. 0.00 mmol/L, regression coefficient (β) = - 0.0385, p = 0.040 for group*time interaction). This effect was mainly explained by the changes in the consumption of high-fat vegetable oil-based spreads (β = - 0.0203, + 47% change in β) and butter-based spreads (β = - 0.0294, + 30% change in β), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (β = - 0.0268, + 30% change in β), light physical activity (β = - 0.0274, + 29% change in β) and sedentary time (β = - 0.0270, + 30% change in β). The intervention had no effect on other plasma lipids. CONCLUSION: Lifestyle intervention resulted a small decrease in plasma LDL cholesterol concentration in children. The effect was explained by changes in quality and quantity of dietary fat and physical activity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER: NCT01803776, ClinicalTrials.gov.
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