Karsten Kletschkus1, Lyubomir Haralambiev2,3, Andreas Nitsch2, Felix Pfister4, Gerd Klinkmann5, Axel Kramer6, Sander Bekeschus7, Alexander Mustea4, Matthias B Stope8,4. 1. Plasma Oncology Laboratory, Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. 2. Department of Trauma, Reconstructive Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. 3. Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany. 4. Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany. 5. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany. 6. Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. 7. ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany. 8. Plasma Oncology Laboratory, Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany matthias.stope@ukbonn.de.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Physical plasma is a mixture of reactive particles and electromagnetic radiation. Due to the antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing promoting, and antineoplastic effects of body tempered physical plasma under atmospheric pressure (cold atmospheric plasma: CAP), CAP therapy is increasingly becoming the focus of surgical and oncological disciplines. However, when applied in practice, a potential emission of harmful noxae such as toxic nitrogen oxides must be taken into account, which was investigated in the following study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MiniJet-R Ar CAP device was characterized with respect to NOX-specific spectra, ultraviolet radiation C (UVC) intensity in the range of 200-275 nm and the formation of NOX gases. Instrument-specific parameters such as gas flow, energy setting of the high-frequency generator, and flow rate of the carrier gas Ar were varied. To test the toxic properties of the NO2 concentrations formed by CAP, SK-OV-3 human ovarian cancer cells were incubated with different NO2 concentrations and cell growth was monitored for 120 h. RESULTS: The operation of MiniJet-R led to the formation of NO2 in the proximity of the CAP effluent. Synthesis of NO led to a NO-specific spectrum in the range of 100-275 nm, whereby UVC radiation produced reached intensities of up to 90 mW/m2 NO gas itself, however, was not detectable, as it was converted to NO2 rapidly. Cell culture incubation experiments demonstrated that NO2 in these concentration ranges had no influence on the cell growth of human cancer cells. CONCLUSION: Although no limit values were exceeded in the present study, the emission of high-energy UVC radiation and toxic NO2 is a risk factor with regard to the legal regulations on workplace protection (operator hazard) and the approval of medical devices (patient hazard). This is important for considerations regarding treatment frequency and duration. The growth inhibitory effect of CAP treatment on human cancer cells principally suggests a medical application of the MiniJet-R device, although more extensive studies will have to follow. Copyright
BACKGROUND: Physical plasma is a mixture of reactive particles and electromagnetic radiation. Due to the antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing promoting, and antineoplastic effects of body tempered physical plasma under atmospheric pressure (cold atmospheric plasma: CAP), CAP therapy is increasingly becoming the focus of surgical and oncological disciplines. However, when applied in practice, a potential emission of harmful noxae such as toxic nitrogen oxides must be taken into account, which was investigated in the following study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MiniJet-R Ar CAP device was characterized with respect to NOX-specific spectra, ultraviolet radiation C (UVC) intensity in the range of 200-275 nm and the formation of NOX gases. Instrument-specific parameters such as gas flow, energy setting of the high-frequency generator, and flow rate of the carrier gas Ar were varied. To test the toxic properties of the NO2 concentrations formed by CAP, SK-OV-3 humanovarian cancer cells were incubated with different NO2 concentrations and cell growth was monitored for 120 h. RESULTS: The operation of MiniJet-R led to the formation of NO2 in the proximity of the CAP effluent. Synthesis of NO led to a NO-specific spectrum in the range of 100-275 nm, whereby UVC radiation produced reached intensities of up to 90 mW/m2 NO gas itself, however, was not detectable, as it was converted to NO2 rapidly. Cell culture incubation experiments demonstrated that NO2 in these concentration ranges had no influence on the cell growth of humancancer cells. CONCLUSION: Although no limit values were exceeded in the present study, the emission of high-energy UVC radiation and toxic NO2 is a risk factor with regard to the legal regulations on workplace protection (operator hazard) and the approval of medical devices (patient hazard). This is important for considerations regarding treatment frequency and duration. The growth inhibitory effect of CAP treatment on humancancer cells principally suggests a medical application of the MiniJet-R device, although more extensive studies will have to follow. Copyright
Authors: Pavol Zubor; Yun Wang; Alena Liskova; Marek Samec; Lenka Koklesova; Zuzana Dankova; Anne Dørum; Karol Kajo; Dana Dvorska; Vincent Lucansky; Bibiana Malicherova; Ivana Kasubova; Jan Bujnak; Milos Mlyncek; Carlos Alberto Dussan; Peter Kubatka; Dietrich Büsselberg; Olga Golubnitschaja Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2020-10-27 Impact factor: 5.923
Authors: Benedikt Eggers; Jana Marciniak; James Deschner; Matthias Bernhard Stope; Alexander Mustea; Franz-Josef Kramer; Marjan Nokhbehsaim Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2021-05-17 Impact factor: 5.923