Evaluation and Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms After Outlet Surgery for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

There are many options available in the surgical treatment of outlet obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). While most patients exhibit improvement in their lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) following intervention, up to 35 % of patients may exhibit persistent or recurrent LUTS. In the present review, we discuss the patho-physiology of LUTS after bladder outlet surgery and discuss considerations in evaluating and managing such patients. We highlight the crucial role of thorough evaluation with complete urodynamics testing, as pure obstruction only accounts for a minority of post-operative LUTS. Hence, detrusor contractility, detrusor overactivity, urethral sphincter function, and urinary incontinence must be assessed to appropriately guide subsequent therapy and improve patients' quality of life.