Freirean Conscientization With Critical Care Nurses to Reduce Moral Distress and Increase Perceived Empowerment: A Pilot Study.

Moral distress in nursing has been linked to a relative lack of power in the workplace. We designed and piloted a Freirean-based conscientization intervention to raise awareness and address disempowerment with 13 critical care nurses in the US Midwest who recently experienced moral distress. A transformative, mixed-methods, pre/post design was used with convergence of qualitative and quantitative data. Results showed improved moral distress and mixed results in perceived personal and group empowerment. Further study is warranted to test conscientization-based interventions that give nurses opportunity collectively to develop empowered responses to situations that lead to moral distress.