Application of surface-imprinted polymers supported by hydroxyapatite in the extraction of zearalenone in various cereals.

Surface-imprinted polymers supported by hydroxyapatite (HAP@MIPs) were prepared using coumarin-3-carboxylic acid and naringenin as dummy template molecules of zearalenone (ZEA). HAP@MIPs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, particle size distribution analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The adsorption performance was studied. The results showed that it could reach the adsorption equilibrium within 6 min. The adsorption amount could reach 6.77 μg mg-1, while the concentration was 20 μg mL-1. The self-made solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns were prepared with HAP@MIPs as sorbents for the separation and purification of ZEA in cereal samples. The method was established by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The recoveries were in the range of 70.09-101.88%; the relative standard deviation was 2.06-8.47%. Finally, millet, coix lachryma, and corn were placed under extreme conditions to produce ZEA. The method was used to extract and analyze ZEA in the above samples. The results showed that self-made SPE columns with HPLC could be used for the separation and enrichment of ZEA in real samples. Graphical abstract.