BACKGROUND: The use of stereoscopic laparoscopic systems in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) allows a three-dimensional (3D) view of the surgical field, which improves hand-eye coordination. Depending on the stereo base used in the construction of the endoscopes, 3D systems may differ regarding the 3D effect. Our aim was to investigate the influence of different stereo bases on the 3D effect. METHODS: This was a prospective randomized study involving 42 MIS-inexperienced study participants. We evaluated two laparoscopic 3D systems with stereo bases of 2.5 mm (system A) and 3.8 mm (system B) for differences in learning MIS skills using the Lübeck Toolbox (LTB) video box trainer. We evaluated participants' performance regarding the times and repetitions required to reach each exercise's goal. After completing the final exercise ("suturing"), participants performed the exercise again using a two-dimensional (2D) representation. Additionally, we retrospectively compared our study results with a preliminary study from participants completing the LTB curriculum with a 2D system. RESULTS: The median number of repetitions until reaching the goals for LTB exercises 1, 2, 3, and 6 for system A were: 18 (range 7-53), 24 (range 8-46), 24 (range 13-51), and 21 (range 10-46), respectively, and for system B were: 12 (range 2-30), 16 (range 6-43), 17 (range 4-47), and 15 (range 6-29), respectively (p = not significant). Changing from a 3D to a 2D representation after completing the learning curve led to a longer average time required, from 95.22 to 119.3 s (p < 0.0001), for the last exercise (exercise 6; "suturing"). When comparing the results retrospectively with the learning curves acquired with the 2D system, there was a significant reduction in the number of repetitions required to reach the LTB exercise goals for exercises 1, 3, and 6 using the 3D system. CONCLUSION: Stereo bases of 2.5 and 3.8 mm provide acceptable bases for designing 3D systems. Additionally, our results indicated that MIS basic skills can be learned quicker using a 3D system versus a 2D system, and that when the 3D effect is eliminated, the corresponding compensatory mechanisms must be relearned.
BACKGROUND: The use of stereoscopic laparoscopic systems in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) allows a three-dimensional (3D) view of the surgical field, which improves hand-eye coordination. Depending on the stereo base used in the construction of the endoscopes, 3D systems may differ regarding the 3D effect. Our aim was to investigate the influence of different stereo bases on the 3D effect. METHODS: This was a prospective randomized study involving 42 MIS-inexperienced study participants. We evaluated two laparoscopic 3D systems with stereo bases of 2.5 mm (system A) and 3.8 mm (system B) for differences in learning MIS skills using the Lübeck Toolbox (LTB) video box trainer. We evaluated participants' performance regarding the times and repetitions required to reach each exercise's goal. After completing the final exercise ("suturing"), participants performed the exercise again using a two-dimensional (2D) representation. Additionally, we retrospectively compared our study results with a preliminary study from participants completing the LTB curriculum with a 2D system. RESULTS: The median number of repetitions until reaching the goals for LTB exercises 1, 2, 3, and 6 for system A were: 18 (range 7-53), 24 (range 8-46), 24 (range 13-51), and 21 (range 10-46), respectively, and for system B were: 12 (range 2-30), 16 (range 6-43), 17 (range 4-47), and 15 (range 6-29), respectively (p = not significant). Changing from a 3D to a 2D representation after completing the learning curve led to a longer average time required, from 95.22 to 119.3 s (p < 0.0001), for the last exercise (exercise 6; "suturing"). When comparing the results retrospectively with the learning curves acquired with the 2D system, there was a significant reduction in the number of repetitions required to reach the LTB exercise goals for exercises 1, 3, and 6 using the 3D system. CONCLUSION: Stereo bases of 2.5 and 3.8 mm provide acceptable bases for designing 3D systems. Additionally, our results indicated that MIS basic skills can be learned quicker using a 3D system versus a 2D system, and that when the 3D effect is eliminated, the corresponding compensatory mechanisms must be relearned.
Authors: Pascal Probst; Phillip Knebel; Kathrin Grummich; Solveig Tenckhoff; Alexis Ulrich; Markus W Büchler; Markus K Diener Journal: Ann Surg Date: 2016-07 Impact factor: 12.969
Authors: Alberto Arezzo; Nereo Vettoretto; Nader K Francis; Marco Augusto Bonino; Nathan J Curtis; Daniele Amparore; Simone Arolfo; Manuel Barberio; Luigi Boni; Ronit Brodie; Nicole Bouvy; Elisa Cassinotti; Thomas Carus; Enrico Checcucci; Petra Custers; Michele Diana; Marilou Jansen; Joris Jaspers; Gadi Marom; Kota Momose; Beat P Müller-Stich; Kyokazu Nakajima; Felix Nickel; Silvana Perretta; Francesco Porpiglia; Francisco Sánchez-Margallo; Juan A Sánchez-Margallo; Marlies Schijven; Gianfranco Silecchia; Roberto Passera; Yoav Mintz Journal: Surg Endosc Date: 2018-12-04 Impact factor: 4.584
Authors: Giuseppe Currò; Giuseppe La Malfa; Salvatore Lazzara; Antonio Caizzone; Anna Fortugno; Giuseppe Navarra Journal: J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A Date: 2015-06-15 Impact factor: 1.878