Mahmood Y Bilal1,2, Svetlana Dambaeva3,4, David Brownstein5, Joanne Kwak-Kim4,6, Alice Gilman-Sachs3,4, Kenneth D Beaman3,4. 1. Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA, mahmood.bilal@rosalindfranklin.edu. 2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA, mahmood.bilal@rosalindfranklin.edu. 3. Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA. 4. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA. 5. Center for Holistic Medicine, West Bloomfield, Michigan, USA. 6. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rosalind Franklin University Health System, Vernon Hills, Illinois, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The element iodine is an essential nutrient utilized by the thyroid glands, and deficiency of this element has been linked to reproductive failures. Iodide transporters are also present in reproductive tissues and cells of embryonic origin such as the endometrium and trophoblasts, respectively. The aim of this study is to understand if levels of iodide transporters are linked to pregnancy outcomes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: RNA derived from endometrial biopsies from controls or women with recurrent reproductive failures was analyzed utilizing RT-PCR and targeted RNASeq. RESULTS: When compared to controls, women with 2 or more reproductive failures had a significant increase (>5 fold) in mRNA levels of the iodine transporters NIS and PENDRIN, but not thyroglobulin when probed vis RT-PCR. Targeted RNASeq analysis confirmed these findings when another group of patients were analyzed. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest possible abnormal iodine metabolism and a deficiency of iodine in endometrial tissues from some of the women with reproductive failures. We hypothesize from these findings that inorganic iodide and/or iodine is required for optimal cellular function in reproductive tissues, and that iodide transporters may potentially be used as a marker for infertility or for probing potential localized iodine deficiency that may not present in a typical thyroid panel analysis.
OBJECTIVE: The element iodine is an essential nutrient utilized by the thyroid glands, and deficiency of this element has been linked to reproductive failures. Iodide transporters are also present in reproductive tissues and cells of embryonic origin such as the endometrium and trophoblasts, respectively. The aim of this study is to understand if levels of iodide transporters are linked to pregnancy outcomes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: RNA derived from endometrial biopsies from controls or women with recurrent reproductive failures was analyzed utilizing RT-PCR and targeted RNASeq. RESULTS: When compared to controls, women with 2 or more reproductive failures had a significant increase (>5 fold) in mRNA levels of the iodine transporters NIS and PENDRIN, but not thyroglobulin when probed vis RT-PCR. Targeted RNASeq analysis confirmed these findings when another group of patients were analyzed. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest possible abnormal iodine metabolism and a deficiency of iodine in endometrial tissues from some of the women with reproductive failures. We hypothesize from these findings that inorganic iodide and/or iodine is required for optimal cellular function in reproductive tissues, and that iodide transporters may potentially be used as a marker for infertility or for probing potential localized iodine deficiency that may not present in a typical thyroid panel analysis.
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