Neuroprotective effect of different physical exercises on cognition and behavior function by dopamine and 5-HT level in rats of vascular dementia.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate neuroprotective effect of different physical exercises on cognition and behavior function by dopamine and 5-HT in rats of vascular dementia. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into following 5 groups: control group (C group, n = 8), vascular dementia group (VD group, n = 8), treadmill exercise and vascular dementia group (TE-VD group, n = 8), in-voluntary exercise and vascular dementia group (IE-VD group, n = 8), voluntary exercise and vascular dementia group (VE-VD group, n = 8). The rats in TE-VD, IE-VD and VE-VD groups were received different physical exercise interventions, treadmill exercise, voluntary running exercise, involuntary running exercise respectively, total 4 weeks. Next, the rats in VE-VD, IE-VD, TE-VD and VD groups were received bilateral common carotids arteries operation to create vascular dementia model. Then, we use a passive avoid test to evaluate cognition and open field test to evaluate cognition autonomic activity in each group. The level in hippocampal dopamine and 5-HT were detected by microdialysis coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. Behavior results demonstrated that: compared with C group, the cognition in VD group significantly decreased (p < 0.001); compared with VD group, the cognition in VE-VD, IE-VD and TE-VD groups were significantly increased (p < 0.001). However, there are no significant difference between VE-VD, IE-VD and TE-VD groups (p> 0.05). In addition, hippocampal dopamine and 5-HT level significantly decreased in VD group when compared with C group (p < 0.001); hippocampal dopamine and 5-HT level in VE-VD, IE-VD and TE-VD groups were significantly increased when compared with VD group (p < 0.05). However, there are no significant difference between VE-VD, IE-VD and TE-VD groups (p> 0.05). Therefore, we concluded that different physical exercises, included treadmill exercise, in-voluntary exercise and voluntary exercise, all can protect cognition by up-regulate dopamine and 5-HT level in rats of vascular dementia.