Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete1, Dimitris Vlachopoulos2, André Oliveira Werneck3, Santiago Maillane-Vanegas3, Kyle Robinson Lynch3, Geraldine Naughton4, Romulo Araújo Fernandes3. 1. Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 305 Roberto Simonsen, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil. ricardo.agostinete@unesp.br. 2. Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. 3. Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 305 Roberto Simonsen, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil. 4. School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Fitzroy Victoria, 3065, Australia.
Abstract
This study investigated the impact and non-impact sports on bone mineral density accrual in adolescents over 18 months. The impact sports were beneficial for bone health (accrual of bone density). In contrast, swimmers had similar or lower bone mineral density compared with the control group depending on the skeletal site. PURPOSE: To investigate the impact and non-impact sports on bone mineral density (BMD) accrual in adolescents over a period of 18 months METHODS: The sample was composed of 71 adolescents, avarage age of 12.7 (± 1.7) years old at baseline. Bone outcomes were compared according to the loading of the sports practiced (impact sports, n = 33 [basketball, karate, and judo], non-impact sport, n = 18 [swimming], and control group, n = 20). Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) estimated through equation. The results were compared between the groups using analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. RESULTS: Adjusted aBMD at lower limbs, whole body less head (WBLH), and adjusted WBLH BMAD were significantly greater in the impact sport group than the non-impact sport group at all time points. Adjusted upper limbs aBMD was significantly higher at the impact sports group compared to the non-impact sport group at 9 months and 18 months, besides compared to the control group at baseline and 18 months. Non-impact sport group presented a significant lower adjusted aBMD compared with control group at lower limbs and WBLH at 9 months, and at 9 months and 18 months in WBLH BMAD. There was a significant interaction (time × sport group) at upper limbs (p = 0.042) and WBLH aBMD (p = 0.006), and WBLH BMAD (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Impact sports were more beneficial on accumulating aBMD and BMAD over a period of 18 months, while non-impact group (swimmers) had similar and lower aBMD and BMAD compared with the control group.
This study investigated the impact and non-impact sports on bone mineral density accrual in adolescents over 18 months. The impact sports were beneficial for bone health (accrual of bone density). In contrast, swimmers had similar or lower bone mineral density compared with the control group depending on the skeletal site. PURPOSE: To investigate the impact and non-impact sports on bone mineral density (BMD) accrual in adolescents over a period of 18 months METHODS: The sample was composed of 71 adolescents, avarage age of 12.7 (± 1.7) years old at baseline. Bone outcomes were compared according to the loading of the sports practiced (impact sports, n = 33 [basketball, karate, and judo], non-impact sport, n = 18 [swimming], and control group, n = 20). Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) estimated through equation. The results were compared between the groups using analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. RESULTS: Adjusted aBMD at lower limbs, whole body less head (WBLH), and adjusted WBLH BMAD were significantly greater in the impact sport group than the non-impact sport group at all time points. Adjusted upper limbs aBMD was significantly higher at the impact sports group compared to the non-impact sport group at 9 months and 18 months, besides compared to the control group at baseline and 18 months. Non-impact sport group presented a significant lower adjusted aBMD compared with control group at lower limbs and WBLH at 9 months, and at 9 months and 18 months in WBLH BMAD. There was a significant interaction (time × sport group) at upper limbs (p = 0.042) and WBLH aBMD (p = 0.006), and WBLH BMAD (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Impact sports were more beneficial on accumulating aBMD and BMAD over a period of 18 months, while non-impact group (swimmers) had similar and lower aBMD and BMAD compared with the control group.
Entities:
Keywords:
Bone density; Bone development; Longitudinal; Physical activity; Sports training
Authors: Ricardo R Agostinete; André O Werneck; Santiago Maillane-Vanegas; Luis Gracia-Marco; Esther Ubago-Guisado; Annie M Constable; Romulo A Fernandes; Dimitris Vlachopoulos Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-03-15 Impact factor: 3.390