Directed forgetting of emotionally valenced faces.

An item-method directed forgetting task was used in three studies to present photographs of happy, neutral and sad faces to participants who had been induced to adopt a happy, neutral or sad mood. At test remember, forget or new judgments of old and new photographs of happy, neutral or sad faces were collected. According to the affect-as-cognitive-feedback hypothesis positively valenced stimuli serve as 'go signals' validating the use of currently accessible cognitions to process task demands whereas negatively valenced stimuli serve as 'stop signals' inhibiting or reversing the use of those cognitions. Since directed forgetting tasks entail the cognitions (among others) that some stimuli should be remembered and others should be forgotten, happy faces should facilitate task demands whereas sad faces should not. As predicted, directed forgetting effects were found for happy but not sad faces in Experiments 1 and 3, and directed forgetting effects were found neutral valenced faces in Experiment 2. Across all three studies mood state did not influence directed forgetting. Findings are discussed in terms of the effects of facial valence cues on directed forgetting and some directions for future research.