F J Carod-Artal1,2. 1. Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, España. 2. Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, Reino Unido.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Clinical and experimental studies have shown that the coronavirus family has a certain tropism for the central nervous system. Seven types of coronavirus can infect humans. DEVELOPMENT: Coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract, and under certain conditions they can invade the central nervous system and cause neurological pathologies. The potential for neuroinvasion is well documented in most human coronaviruses (OC-43, 229E, MERS and SARS) and in some animal coronaviruses (porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis coronavirus). Neurological symptoms have been reported in patients affected by COVID-19, such as headache, dizziness, myalgia and anosmia, as well as cases of encephalopathy, encephalitis, necrotising haemorrhagic encephalopathy, stroke, epileptic seizures, rhabdomyolysis and Guillain-Barre syndrome, associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSIONS: Future epidemiological studies and case records should elucidate the real incidence of these neurological complications, their pathogenic mechanisms and their therapeutic options.
INTRODUCTION: Clinical and experimental studies have shown that the coronavirus family has a certain tropism for the central nervous system. Seven types of coronavirus can infect humans. DEVELOPMENT: Coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract, and under certain conditions they can invade the central nervous system and cause neurological pathologies. The potential for neuroinvasion is well documented in most humancoronaviruses (OC-43, 229E, MERS and SARS) and in some animal coronaviruses (porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis coronavirus). Neurological symptoms have been reported in patients affected by COVID-19, such as headache, dizziness, myalgia and anosmia, as well as cases of encephalopathy, encephalitis, necrotising haemorrhagic encephalopathy, stroke, epileptic seizures, rhabdomyolysis and Guillain-Barre syndrome, associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSIONS: Future epidemiological studies and case records should elucidate the real incidence of these neurological complications, their pathogenic mechanisms and their therapeutic options.
Authors: Thomas H Brannagan; Michaela Auer-Grumbach; John L Berk; Chiara Briani; Vera Bril; Teresa Coelho; Thibaud Damy; Angela Dispenzieri; Brian M Drachman; Nowell Fine; Hanna K Gaggin; Morie Gertz; Julian D Gillmore; Esther Gonzalez; Mazen Hanna; David R Hurwitz; Sami L Khella; Mathew S Maurer; Jose Nativi-Nicolau; Kemi Olugemo; Luis F Quintana; Andrew M Rosen; Hartmut H Schmidt; Jacqueline Shehata; Marcia Waddington-Cruz; Carol Whelan; Frederick L Ruberg Journal: Orphanet J Rare Dis Date: 2021-05-06 Impact factor: 4.123
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