Mohammad Fraiwan1, Fidaa Almomani2, Hanan Hammouri3. 1. Department of Computer Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan. mafraiwan@just.edu.jo. 2. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan. 3. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Childhood obesity and overweight are on the rise worldwide, and Jordanian children are no exception to this rule. Childhood Obesity has major implications on the physical and mental health of individuals, and it can often develop into adult obesity. Obesity/overweight correlates have not been researched extensively in the Middle East region, where Jordan is central. This region is undergoing tremendous changes because of wars, globalization, and the influx of refugees. The cultural and eating habits of the people are changing along with demographical changes. Thus, timely research is required to assess the current health state of this dynamic society. The main goal of this study is to understand the environmental and cultural factors that are associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) z score in elementary school children in Jordan. METHODS: A total of 1260 children enrolled in this descriptive, cross-sectional study. The study used a parental self-reporting questionnaire that contains possible factors associated with BMI, zBMI, demographics, and other pertinent information. RESULTS: Several factors have been associated with higher zBMI among elementary school children: if a child owns a smartphone (p = 0.0037), uses electronics to play ([Formula: see text]), uses electronics for longer hours ([Formula: see text]), eats food while using electronics or watching TV ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively), sleeps less hours in weekends ([Formula: see text]), was breastfed for lower number of months ([Formula: see text]), lives in rural areas ([Formula: see text]), goes to a private school ([Formula: see text]) and is a male ([Formula: see text]). CONCLUSION: Investigating characteristics and environmental determinants of childhood obesity play an essential role in establishing effective intervention program and reduce future risks of morbidity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, descriptive (cross-sectional) study.
PURPOSE: Childhood obesity and overweight are on the rise worldwide, and Jordanian children are no exception to this rule. Childhood Obesity has major implications on the physical and mental health of individuals, and it can often develop into adult obesity. Obesity/overweight correlates have not been researched extensively in the Middle East region, where Jordan is central. This region is undergoing tremendous changes because of wars, globalization, and the influx of refugees. The cultural and eating habits of the people are changing along with demographical changes. Thus, timely research is required to assess the current health state of this dynamic society. The main goal of this study is to understand the environmental and cultural factors that are associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) z score in elementary school children in Jordan. METHODS: A total of 1260 children enrolled in this descriptive, cross-sectional study. The study used a parental self-reporting questionnaire that contains possible factors associated with BMI, zBMI, demographics, and other pertinent information. RESULTS: Several factors have been associated with higher zBMI among elementary school children: if a child owns a smartphone (p = 0.0037), uses electronics to play ([Formula: see text]), uses electronics for longer hours ([Formula: see text]), eats food while using electronics or watching TV ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively), sleeps less hours in weekends ([Formula: see text]), was breastfed for lower number of months ([Formula: see text]), lives in rural areas ([Formula: see text]), goes to a private school ([Formula: see text]) and is a male ([Formula: see text]). CONCLUSION: Investigating characteristics and environmental determinants of childhood obesity play an essential role in establishing effective intervention program and reduce future risks of morbidity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, descriptive (cross-sectional) study.
Entities:
Keywords:
Body mass index; Electronics; Obesity; Overweight; Socio-demographic factors
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