Kacper Ruzik1, Anna Waśniewska2, Łukasz Olewnik2,3, R Shane Tubbs4,5,6, Piotr Karauda2, Michał Polguj2. 1. Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. kacper.ruzik@stud.umed.lodz.pl. 2. Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. 3. Laboratory of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. 4. Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. 5. Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA. 6. Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada.
Abstract
PURPOSE: We present a case of a seven-headed quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle and a systematic review of the literature concerning this anatomical variation. METHODS: During a routine dissection of the lower limbs of a 72-year old cadaver, a QF with supernumerary heads was identified. Each head of the muscle was photographed and subjected to further measurement. RESULTS: In addition to the four traditional heads of the QF muscle, we found a tensor of the vastus intermedius (TVI) muscle and two additional muscle bellies composed of tendons. Attachments of the TVI tendon and additional tendons were localized on the superior medial border of the patella. CONCLUSION: It is important to be aware of morphological variability of the quadriceps femoris muscle. The described case assists clinicist with avoiding misdiagnoses around the knee.
PURPOSE: We present a case of a seven-headed quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle and a systematic review of the literature concerning this anatomical variation. METHODS: During a routine dissection of the lower limbs of a 72-year old cadaver, a QF with supernumerary heads was identified. Each head of the muscle was photographed and subjected to further measurement. RESULTS: In addition to the four traditional heads of the QF muscle, we found a tensor of the vastus intermedius (TVI) muscle and two additional muscle bellies composed of tendons. Attachments of the TVI tendon and additional tendons were localized on the superior medial border of the patella. CONCLUSION: It is important to be aware of morphological variability of the quadriceps femoris muscle. The described case assists clinicist with avoiding misdiagnoses around the knee.
Authors: Łukasz Olewnik; Kacper Ruzik; Bartłomiej Szewczyk; Michał Podgórski; Paloma Aragonés; Piotr Karauda; R Shane Tubbs; Jose Ramon Sanudo; Maria Bettencourt Pires; Michał Polguj Journal: Biomed Res Int Date: 2022-02-16 Impact factor: 3.411