| Literature DB >> 32316715 |
Zitong Zhao1, Yu Ni1, Li Li1, Tao Xin1.
Abstract
While treating cancer, epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) still faces inevitable drug resistance. Investigations into the mechanisms which foster resistance to EGFR-TKI has led to the discovery of novel biomarkers and drug targets, and in turn has enabled the development of third-generation TKIs and proposals for rational therapeutic combinations. The threonine-to-methionine substitution mutation at position 790 (T790M) is clinically validated to engender refractoriness to first- and second-generation TKI, and is a standard-of-care predictive biomarker used in therapeutic stratification. For patients who are T790M-negative, cytotoxic chemotherapy or protracted EGFR-TKI treatment are acceptable treatment standards after disease progression, although combinations of targeted therapies and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy may offer promising alternatives in the future. Among T790M-positive patients, the third-generation EGFR-TKI, osimertinib, has shown superiority over both platinum-doublet chemotherapy and first-generation EGFR-TKI in randomized clinical trials. This article appraises the key literature on the contemporary management of non-small cell lung cancer patients with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs, and envisions future directions in translational and clinical research.Entities:
Keywords: EGFR; EGFR-TKI; Lung neoplasms; Osimertinib; T790M
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2020 PMID: 32316715 PMCID: PMC7210090 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.103.02
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi ISSN: 1009-3419
选择性奥希替尼研究的临床结果
Efficacy outcomes in selected osimertinib studies
| Study | Ref. | Phase | Treatment | ORR(%) | DCR (%) | PFS (mon) | |||||
| T790M+ | T790M- | T790M+ | T790M- | T790M+ | T790M- | ||||||
| DCR: disease control rate; NA: not applicable; ORR: objective response rate; PFS: progression-free survival; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor. | |||||||||||
| AURA | Janne | Ⅰ/Ⅱ | Osimertinib | 61 | 21 | 95 | 61 | 9.6 | 2.8 | ||
| AURA extension | Yang | Ⅱ | Osimertinib | 62 | NA | 90 | NA | 12.3 | NA | ||
| AURA 2 | Goss | Ⅱ | Osimertinib | 70 | NA | 92 | NA | 9.9 | NA | ||
| AURA 3 | Mok | Ⅲ | Osimertinib or platinum-pemetrexed | 71 | NA | 93 | NA | 10.1 | NA | ||
1第三代EGFR-TKIs患者EGFR信号转导及EGFR依赖和独立耐药机制示意图。耐药机制报道临床样本包括EGFR C797S以及其他罕见的三级EGFR突变,MET、HER-2、FGFR和KRAS扩增、PIK3CA和BRAF V600E突变、EGF的过度表达、MAPK的激活、小细胞肺癌转化,还报道了多种复杂的分子畸变。
A simplified represented of the mechanisms of resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Reported drug-resist mechanism clinical samples include EGFR C797S and other rare tertiary EGFR mutations, MET, HER-2, FGFR and KRAS amplification, PIK3CA and BRAF V600E mutations, overexpression of EGF, activation of MAPK, transformation of small cell lung cancer, and a variety of complex molecular aberrations were also reported. EGFR-TKIs: epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors; HER-2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; FGFR: fibroblast growth factor receptor; KRAS: Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog; PIK3CA: phosphatidylin-ositol 3-kinase catalytic alpha polypeptide gene; BRAF: v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B.