David J T Campbell1, Rachel B Campbell2, Gillian L Booth3, Stephen W Hwang3, Kerry A McBrien4. 1. Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: dcampbel@ucalgary.ca. 2. Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 3. MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 4. Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: For a variety of reasons, homelessness creates major challenges for the management of diabetes, resulting in excess morbidity and mortality in this population. The objective of this study was to document innovations in providing diabetes care for individuals experiencing homelessness. METHODS: Using directed snowball sampling, we recruited a sample of service providers (family physicians, nurses, social workers, endocrinologists, diabetes educators, shelter workers) in 5 Canadian cities (Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Toronto, Ottawa). Data were collected using detailed, open-ended interviews. Transcripts and field notes were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: We interviewed 96 program managers and providers representing 38 organizations. Although many of the same challenges were faced by care providers in different jurisdictions, there was little communication or sharing of experiences across providers and organizations. However, we identified 5 unique and innovative approaches to providing diabetes care to individuals experiencing homelessness. These include: 1) provision of in-shelter care, 2) peer outreach/support workers, 3) diabetes specialty outreach clinics, 4) diabetes group care specific for this population and 5) community-based pharmacy interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Providers and organizations in different cities face similar challenges in providing diabetes care to individuals who are experiencing homelessness, yet they tend to address these difficulties in isolation. Despite this, numerous organizations have created innovative solutions to improve diabetes care. Sharing experiences across organizations and jurisdictions can facilitate development and implementation of successful program models.
OBJECTIVES: For a variety of reasons, homelessness creates major challenges for the management of diabetes, resulting in excess morbidity and mortality in this population. The objective of this study was to document innovations in providing diabetes care for individuals experiencing homelessness. METHODS: Using directed snowball sampling, we recruited a sample of service providers (family physicians, nurses, social workers, endocrinologists, diabetes educators, shelter workers) in 5 Canadian cities (Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Toronto, Ottawa). Data were collected using detailed, open-ended interviews. Transcripts and field notes were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: We interviewed 96 program managers and providers representing 38 organizations. Although many of the same challenges were faced by care providers in different jurisdictions, there was little communication or sharing of experiences across providers and organizations. However, we identified 5 unique and innovative approaches to providing diabetes care to individuals experiencing homelessness. These include: 1) provision of in-shelter care, 2) peer outreach/support workers, 3) diabetes specialty outreach clinics, 4) diabetes group care specific for this population and 5) community-based pharmacy interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Providers and organizations in different cities face similar challenges in providing diabetes care to individuals who are experiencing homelessness, yet they tend to address these difficulties in isolation. Despite this, numerous organizations have created innovative solutions to improve diabetes care. Sharing experiences across organizations and jurisdictions can facilitate development and implementation of successful program models.
Keywords:
access to care; accès aux soins; homelessness; le sans-abrisme; models of care; modèles de soins; populations vulnérables; qualitative study; vulnerable populations; étude qualitative
Authors: Eshleen K Grewal; Rachel B Campbell; Gillian L Booth; Kerry A McBrien; Stephen W Hwang; Patricia O'Campo; David J T Campbell Journal: Int J Equity Health Date: 2021-07-09
Authors: Rachel B Campbell; Matthew Larsen; Anna DiGiandomenico; Marleane A Davidson; Gillian L Booth; Stephen W Hwang; Kerry A McBrien; David J T Campbell Journal: CMAJ Date: 2021-08-03 Impact factor: 8.262