Dou Qiao1, Jun Pan2, Gongbo Chen3, Hao Xiang3, Runqi Tu1, Xia Zhang1, Xiaokang Dong1, Yan Wang1, Zhicheng Luo1, Huiling Tian1, Zhenxing Mao1, Wenqian Huo1, Gongyuan Zhang1, Shanshan Li4, Yuming Guo5, Chongjian Wang6. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China. 2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China. 3. Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. 4. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. 5. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: Yuming.Guo@monash.edu. 6. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China. Electronic address: tjwcj2005@126.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The associations of long-term exposure to air pollution with osteoporosis are rarely reported, especially in rural China. This study aimed to explore the association among rural Chinese population. METHODS: A total of 8033 participants (18-79 years) derived from the Henan Rural Cohort Study (n = 39,259) were included in this cross-sectional study. Exposure to air pollutants was estimated using machine learning algorithms with satellite remote sensing, land use information, and meteorological data [including particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤1.0 μm (PM1), ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), and ≤10 μm (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)]. The bone mineral density of each individual was measured by using ultrasonic bone density apparatus and osteoporosis was defined based on the T-score ≤ -2.5. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association of air pollution and osteoporosis prevalence. RESULTS: We observed that per 1 μg/m3 increase in PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 were associated with a 14.9%, 14.6%, 7.3%, and 16.5% elevated risk of osteoporosis. Compared with individuals in the first quartile, individuals in the fourth quartile had higher odds ratio (OR) of osteoporosis (P-trend < 0.001), the ORs (95% confidence interval) were 2.08 (1.72, 2.50) for PM1, 2.28 (1.90, 2.74) for PM2.5, 1.93 (1.60, 2.32) for PM10, and 2.02 (1.68, 2.41) for NO2. It was estimated that 20.29%-24.36% of osteoporosis cases could be attributable to air pollution in the rural population from China. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to air pollutants were positively associated with high-risk of osteoporosis, indicated that improving air quality may be beneficial to improve rural residents health.
OBJECTIVES: The associations of long-term exposure to air pollution with osteoporosis are rarely reported, especially in rural China. This study aimed to explore the association among rural Chinese population. METHODS: A total of 8033 participants (18-79 years) derived from the Henan Rural Cohort Study (n = 39,259) were included in this cross-sectional study. Exposure to air pollutants was estimated using machine learning algorithms with satellite remote sensing, land use information, and meteorological data [including particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤1.0 μm (PM1), ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), and ≤10 μm (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)]. The bone mineral density of each individual was measured by using ultrasonic bone density apparatus and osteoporosis was defined based on the T-score ≤ -2.5. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association of air pollution and osteoporosis prevalence. RESULTS: We observed that per 1 μg/m3 increase in PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 were associated with a 14.9%, 14.6%, 7.3%, and 16.5% elevated risk of osteoporosis. Compared with individuals in the first quartile, individuals in the fourth quartile had higher odds ratio (OR) of osteoporosis (P-trend < 0.001), the ORs (95% confidence interval) were 2.08 (1.72, 2.50) for PM1, 2.28 (1.90, 2.74) for PM2.5, 1.93 (1.60, 2.32) for PM10, and 2.02 (1.68, 2.41) for NO2. It was estimated that 20.29%-24.36% of osteoporosis cases could be attributable to air pollution in the rural population from China. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to air pollutants were positively associated with high-risk of osteoporosis, indicated that improving air quality may be beneficial to improve rural residents health.
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