Mawahib H Eldigail1, Hazem A Abubaker1, Fatima A Khalid2, Tajeldin M Abdallah3, Ibrahim A Adam1, Gamal K Adam4, Rabie A Babiker4, Mohamed E Ahmed5,6, Eltahir M Haroun7, Imadeldin E Aradaib8,9. 1. Molecular Biology Laboratory (MBL), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 32, Khartoum North, Sudan. 2. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Kassala, Kassala, Sudan. 3. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Kassala, Kassala, Sudan. 4. Department of Medical laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Elgadarif, Elgadarif, Sudan. 5. Deanship of Scientific Research, Alneelain University, Alneelain, Sudan. 6. Zamzam Unit for Medical Research (ZUMR), Vectore Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Research Laboratory, Zamzam University College, Khartoum, Sudan. 7. Deanship of Scientific Research, Moghtaribeen University of Africa, Khartoum, Sudan. 8. Molecular Biology Laboratory (MBL), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 32, Khartoum North, Sudan. aradaib@yahoo.com. 9. Zamzam Unit for Medical Research (ZUMR), Vectore Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Research Laboratory, Zamzam University College, Khartoum, Sudan. aradaib@yahoo.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute arboviral infections are distributed worldwide including Sudan, and dengue fever (DENV) is not an exception. The virus activity has recently been frequently reported in Kassala State, eastern Sudan. However, an appropriate epidemiological study would be necessary to provide accurate and precise estimates of the magnitude of recent DENV transmission in this area of endemicity. METHODS: In the present investigation, a cross sectional study was conducted to advance beyond the current knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease in Kassala State. The prevalence of the disease was estimated and associated risk factors were determined. Sampled sera were collected and screened for recent dengue transmissionas as determined by DENV-IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The collection of data for risk assessment was supported by a well designed structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of recent DENV infection was estimated to be (11.42%). Potential risk factors to DENV seropsitivity include, age (OR = 3.24, CI = 1.81-5.77,p-value = 0.001); low income (OR = 3.75, CI = 1.57-8.93, p-value = 0.027); mosquito control (OR = 4.18, CI = 2.33-7.51, p-value = 0.004); and localities. CONCLUSION: The present study showed a high rate of circulating DENV IgM antibodies among the participants of the study (11.42%), suggesting recent transmission of DENV in Kassala State, eastern Sudan. The frequent occurrence of DENV infections necessitates the need for improved surveillance programs and prevention measures to combat this important arboviral disease in Sudan.
BACKGROUND: Acute arboviral infections are distributed worldwide including Sudan, and dengue fever (DENV) is not an exception. The virus activity has recently been frequently reported in Kassala State, eastern Sudan. However, an appropriate epidemiological study would be necessary to provide accurate and precise estimates of the magnitude of recent DENV transmission in this area of endemicity. METHODS: In the present investigation, a cross sectional study was conducted to advance beyond the current knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease in Kassala State. The prevalence of the disease was estimated and associated risk factors were determined. Sampled sera were collected and screened for recent dengue transmissionas as determined by DENV-IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The collection of data for risk assessment was supported by a well designed structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of recent DENVinfection was estimated to be (11.42%). Potential risk factors to DENV seropsitivity include, age (OR = 3.24, CI = 1.81-5.77,p-value = 0.001); low income (OR = 3.75, CI = 1.57-8.93, p-value = 0.027); mosquito control (OR = 4.18, CI = 2.33-7.51, p-value = 0.004); and localities. CONCLUSION: The present study showed a high rate of circulating DENV IgM antibodies among the participants of the study (11.42%), suggesting recent transmission of DENV in Kassala State, eastern Sudan. The frequent occurrence of DENVinfections necessitates the need for improved surveillance programs and prevention measures to combat this important arboviral disease in Sudan.
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