Erman Esnafoglu1, Deniz Deniz Ozturan2. 1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Depression is a heterogeneous disorder and is thought to develop as a result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. One-carbon metabolism that includes vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine has been investigated in psychiatric disorders like depression. In recent years, vitamin D has also been considered to contribute to psychiatric disorders. In this study, serum levels of folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine related to one-carbon metabolism and vitamin D were investigated in children and adolescents with depression and to assess possible roles in depression pathogenesis. METHODS: The study included 89 children and adolescents with depression (69 female, 20 male; mean age ± SD = 15.08 ± 1.46) and 43 control subjects (31 female, 12 male; mean age ± SD = 14.41 ± 2.32) without any DSM-5 diagnosis. Each subject completed a sociodemographic form, Childhood Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 1-2 and measured serum folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and 25-OH vitamin D levels. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of folate levels (p = .052). In the patient group, the vitamin B12 and vitamin D levels were clearly low (p values for both levels were <.001), while homocysteine levels were found to be remarkably high (p < .001). In addition, there was a negative correlation between depression severity and vitamin B12 and vitamin D, while a positive correlation was found with homocysteine. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study show that vitamin B12 deficiency or insufficiency and elevated homocysteine may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of depression. Additionally, it was shown that lower vitamin D levels may be associated with depression. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE: Depression of children and adolescents is associated with the interaction of environmental and genetic factors Homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate related to one-carbon metabolism are associated with psychiatric disorders such as depression in adulthood Vitamin D also contributes to psychiatric disorders pathogenesis There are not enough studies in the literature about these parameters in children with depression Low vitamin B12 and vitamin D levels and increased homocysteine levels may play a role in the pathogenesis of depression in children and adolescents Investigation of vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine, and vitamin D levels are recommended in children and adolescents with depression.
BACKGROUND:Depression is a heterogeneous disorder and is thought to develop as a result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. One-carbon metabolism that includes vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine has been investigated in psychiatric disorders like depression. In recent years, vitamin D has also been considered to contribute to psychiatric disorders. In this study, serum levels of folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine related to one-carbon metabolism and vitamin D were investigated in children and adolescents with depression and to assess possible roles in depression pathogenesis. METHODS: The study included 89 children and adolescents with depression (69 female, 20 male; mean age ± SD = 15.08 ± 1.46) and 43 control subjects (31 female, 12 male; mean age ± SD = 14.41 ± 2.32) without any DSM-5 diagnosis. Each subject completed a sociodemographic form, Childhood Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 1-2 and measured serum folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and 25-OHvitamin D levels. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of folate levels (p = .052). In the patient group, the vitamin B12 and vitamin D levels were clearly low (p values for both levels were <.001), while homocysteine levels were found to be remarkably high (p < .001). In addition, there was a negative correlation between depression severity and vitamin B12 and vitamin D, while a positive correlation was found with homocysteine. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study show that vitamin B12deficiency or insufficiency and elevated homocysteine may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of depression. Additionally, it was shown that lower vitamin D levels may be associated with depression. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE: Depression of children and adolescents is associated with the interaction of environmental and genetic factors Homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate related to one-carbon metabolism are associated with psychiatric disorders such as depression in adulthood Vitamin D also contributes to psychiatric disorders pathogenesis There are not enough studies in the literature about these parameters in children with depression Low vitamin B12 and vitamin D levels and increased homocysteine levels may play a role in the pathogenesis of depression in children and adolescents Investigation of vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine, and vitamin D levels are recommended in children and adolescents with depression.
Authors: Swati Umasanker; Rahul Bhakat; Sonalika Mehta; Vyas Kumar Rathaur; Prashant Kumar Verma; N K Bhat; Manisha Naithani; Swathi Chacham Journal: J Family Med Prim Care Date: 2020-09-30
Authors: Miguel A Ortega; Óscar Fraile-Martínez; Cielo García-Montero; Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon; Guillermo Lahera; Jorge Monserrat; Maria Llavero-Valero; Fernando Mora; Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez; Sonia Fernandez-Rojo; Javier Quintero; Melchor Alvarez De Mon Journal: Front Nutr Date: 2022-05-18
Authors: Cielo García-Montero; Miguel A Ortega; Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon; Oscar Fraile-Martinez; Adoración Romero-Bazán; Guillermo Lahera; José Manuel Montes-Rodríguez; Rosa M Molina-Ruiz; Fernando Mora; Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez; Javier Quintero; Melchor Álvarez-Mon Journal: Nutrients Date: 2022-03-06 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: José Francisco López-Gil; Iván Cavero-Redondo; Estela Jiménez-López; Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni; Alicia Saz-Lara; Arthur Eumann Mesas Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2022-04-01
Authors: Régine P M Steegers-Theunissen; Rosalieke E Wiegel; Pauline W Jansen; Joop S E Laven; Kevin D Sinclair Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2020-11-03 Impact factor: 5.923
Authors: Daniele Nucci; Cristina Fatigoni; Andrea Amerio; Anna Odone; Vincenza Gianfredi Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-09-14 Impact factor: 3.390