| Literature DB >> 32296405 |
Geng Ma1, Juan Kang1, Jiarui Wang1, Yulu Chen1, Hongfang Lu1,2,3, Lifang Wang1,2,3, Chenyang Wang1,2,3, Yingxin Xie1,2,3, Dongyun Ma1,2,3, Guozhang Kang1,2,3.
Abstract
The influence of water and nitrogen (N) management on wheat have been investigated, but studies on the impact of long-term interactive water and N management on microbial structure and function are limited. Soil chemical properties and plants determine the soil microbial communities whose functions involved in nutrient cycling may affect plant productivity. There is an urgent need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms to optimize these microbial communities for agricultural sustainability in the winter wheat production area of the North China Plain. We performed high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR of the 16S rRNA gene on soil from a 7-year-old stationary field experiment to investigate the response of bacterial communities and function to water and N management. It was observed that water and N management significantly influenced wheat growth, soil properties and bacterial diversity. N application caused a significant decrease in the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and both Richness and Shannon diversity indices, in the absence of irrigation. Irrigation led to an increase in the relative abundance of Planctomycetes, Latescibacteria, Anaerolineae, and Chloroflexia. In addition, most bacterial taxa were correlated with soil and plant properties. Some functions related to carbohydrate transport, transcription, inorganic ion transport and lipid transport were enriched in irrigation treatment, while N enriched predicted functions related to amino acid transport and metabolism, signal transduction, and cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis. Understanding the impact of N application and irrigation on the structure and function of soil bacteria is important for developing strategies for sustainable wheat production. Therefore, concurrent irrigation and N application may improve wheat yield and help to maintain those ecosystem functions that are driven by the soil microbial community.Entities:
Keywords: Illumina MiSeq; PICRUSt; bacterial structure and function; irrigation; nitrogen application; wheat
Year: 2020 PMID: 32296405 PMCID: PMC7136406 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00506
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Front Microbiol ISSN: 1664-302X Impact factor: 5.640
Effects of irrigation and N applied on yield and root characteristics in 0–20 cm.
| Treatment | Yield (kg ha–1) | RWD (g m–3) | RLD (m m–3) | N content (%) |
| W0N0 | 2942 ± 40d | 145.6 ± 3.8b | 14826 ± 416c | 0.76 ± 0.01d |
| W0N2 | 5257 ± 29b | 113.2 ± 4.6c | 13257 ± 215c | 1.12 ± 0.04b |
| W2N0 | 4505 ± 4c | 175.7 ± 3.1a | 20351 ± 1097b | 0.95 ± 0.01c |
| W2N2 | 8666 ± 106a | 182.1 ± 1.6a | 23596 ± 1517a | 1.56 ± 0.02a |
| Irrigation (W) | ** | ** | ** | ** |
| Nitrogen (N) | ** | ** | Ns | ** |
| W × N | ** | ** | * | ** |
Properties of soil samples under different fertilizer and water treatments.
| Soil properties | W0N0 | W0N2 | W2N0 | W2N2 | |||
| W | N | W × N | |||||
| Moisture (%) | 14.23 ± 0.08b | 12.19 ± 0.06d | 15.35 ± 0.04a | 13.56 ± 0.04c | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.046 |
| pH | 8.32 ± 0.0002b | 8.18 ± 0.011c | 8.48 ± 0.003a | 8.36 ± 0.027b | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.117 |
| NO3–N (mg kg–1) | 11.49 ± 0.43c | 28.65 ± 0.35a | 6.45 ± 0.04d | 24.59 ± 0.26b | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.131 |
| NH4+-N (mg kg–1) | 4.32 ± 0.27b | 6.45 ± 0.26a | 4.16 ± 0.12b | 4.42 ± 0.12b | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| Total N (g kg–1) | 1.21 ± 0.018a | 1.09 ± 0.024b | 1.06 ± 0.026b | 1.02 ± 0.008c | <0.001 | 0.078 | 0.002 |
| Organic matter (g kg–1) | 14.69 ± 0.045a | 13.86 ± 0.054b | 13.28 ± 0.041c | 13.28 ± 0.065c | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Available N (mg kg–1) | 90.86 ± 0.59c | 119.49 ± 0.35b | 120.68 ± 1.17b | 133.91 ± 1.02a | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Available P (mg kg–1) | 9.13 ± 0.14a | 8.71 ± 0.02b | 9.12 ± 0.03a | 7.88 ± 0.03c | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Available K (mg kg–1) | 160.18 ± 2.57b | 185.22 ± 1.30a | 137.51 ± 2.46c | 136.21 ± 1.47c | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
FIGURE 1Effects of experimental treatments on bacterial abundance (A), richness (B), and Shannon diversity index (C). Bars with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
FIGURE 2Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) plots of bacterial communities based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarities.
FIGURE 3Effects of experimental treatments on the relative abundance of 14 dominant bacterial phyla (A–H) and classes (I–N). Only significant statistical results (p < 0.05) are shown in the figure for clarity. Bars indicate standard error. Bars with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
FIGURE 4Effects of experimental treatments on the relative abundance of selected function category (main and significant change). (A) Amino acid transport and metabolism, (B) signal transduction mechanisms, (C) cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis, (D) carbohydrate transport and metabolism, (E) transcription, (F) inorganic ion transport and metabolism, (G) replication, recombination and repair, (H) translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis, and (I) lipid transport and metabolism. Bars with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
FIGURE 5Spearman correlation heatmap between bacterial communities and soil properties and wheat characteristics. R-values are displayed in different colors, as indicated by the color code on the right of the heat map.
Variables responsible for the changes in the abundance of various bacterial groups.
| Taxonomic group | Model | |||
| Actinobacteria | y = 33.936–7.7 × 10–4 (RLD) | 0.843 | 75.134 | <0.001 |
| Acidobacteria | – | |||
| Chloroflexi | y = 5.235+0.063 (available N) | 0.406 | 9.566 | 0.008 |
| Nitrospirae | y = 4.19–0.243 (NH4+) | 0.298 | 5.953 | 0.029 |
| unclassified | y = 1.868+0.001 (yield)-3.174 (N content) | 0.696 | 14.909 | <0.001 |
| Planctomycetes | y = 3.671–0.016 (available K) | 0.613 | 22.197 | <0.001 |
| Verrucomicrobia | y = −12.175+1.692 (pH) | 0.464 | 12.095 | 0.004 |
| Latescibacteria | y = −0.605+6.365 × 10–5 (RLD) | 0.810 | 38.509 | <0.001 |
| Bacilli | – | |||
| Thermomicrobia | – | |||
| Anaerolineae | y = −0.683+1.54 × 10–4 (RLD) | 0.599 | 20.889 | <0.001 |
| Sphingobacteria | y = 3.173–0.013 (available N) | 0.310 | 6.295 | 0.025 |
| Chloroflexia | y = 3.292+0.06 (moisture)-0.217 (OM) | 0.656 | 12.418 | 0.001 |
| Cyanobacteria | y = −1.52+0.136 (moisture) | 0.352 | 7.598 | 0.015 |
FIGURE 6Spearman correlation heatmap between bacterial function and soil properties and wheat characteristics. R-values are displayed in different colors, as indicated by the color code on the right of the heat map.