Michael A Raddatz1,2, Tessa Huffstater2, Matthew R Bersi2, Bradley I Reinfeld1,3, Matthew Z Madden1,4, Sabrina E Booton2, W Kimryn Rathmell3, Jeffrey C Rathmell4, Brian R Lindman5, Meena S Madhur6,7, W David Merryman2. 1. From the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (M.A.R., B.I.R., M.Z.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. 2. Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.A.R., T.H., M.R.B., S.E.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. 3. the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine (B.I.R., W.K.R.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN. 4. Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.Z.M., J.C.R.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN. 5. Structural Heart and Valve Center (B.R.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN. 6. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.S.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. 7. Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.S.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Macrophages have been described in calcific aortic valve disease, but it is unclear if they promote or counteract calcification. We aimed to determine how macrophages are involved in calcification using the Notch1+/- model of calcific aortic valve disease. Approach and Results: Macrophages in wild-type and Notch1+/- murine aortic valves were characterized by flow cytometry. Macrophages in Notch1+/- aortic valves had increased expression of MHCII (major histocompatibility complex II). We then used bone marrow transplants to test if differences in Notch1+/- macrophages drive disease. Notch1+/- mice had increased valve thickness, macrophage infiltration, and proinflammatory macrophage maturation regardless of transplanted bone marrow genotype. In vitro approaches confirm that Notch1+/- aortic valve cells promote macrophage invasion as quantified by migration index and proinflammatory phenotypes as quantified by Ly6C and CCR2 positivity independent of macrophage genotype. Finally, we found that macrophage interaction with aortic valve cells promotes osteogenic, but not dystrophic, calcification and decreases abundance of the STAT3β isoform. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that Notch1+/- aortic valve disease involves increased macrophage recruitment and maturation driven by altered aortic valve cell secretion, and that increased macrophage recruitment promotes osteogenic calcification and alters STAT3 splicing. Further investigation of STAT3 and macrophage-driven inflammation as therapeutic targets in calcific aortic valve disease is warranted.
OBJECTIVE: Macrophages have been described in calcific aortic valve disease, but it is unclear if they promote or counteract calcification. We aimed to determine how macrophages are involved in calcification using the Notch1+/- model of calcific aortic valve disease. Approach and Results: Macrophages in wild-type and Notch1+/- murine aortic valves were characterized by flow cytometry. Macrophages in Notch1+/- aortic valves had increased expression of MHCII (major histocompatibility complex II). We then used bone marrow transplants to test if differences in Notch1+/- macrophages drive disease. Notch1+/- mice had increased valve thickness, macrophage infiltration, and proinflammatory macrophage maturation regardless of transplanted bone marrow genotype. In vitro approaches confirm that Notch1+/- aortic valve cells promote macrophage invasion as quantified by migration index and proinflammatory phenotypes as quantified by Ly6C and CCR2 positivity independent of macrophage genotype. Finally, we found that macrophage interaction with aortic valve cells promotes osteogenic, but not dystrophic, calcification and decreases abundance of the STAT3β isoform. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that Notch1+/- aortic valve disease involves increased macrophage recruitment and maturation driven by altered aortic valve cell secretion, and that increased macrophage recruitment promotes osteogenic calcification and alters STAT3 splicing. Further investigation of STAT3 and macrophage-driven inflammation as therapeutic targets in calcific aortic valve disease is warranted.
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