| Literature DB >> 32284660 |
Sonia Fernández Cañabate1, Luis Ortega Valín1.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Although HAART cannot eradicate HIV, it suppresses viral replication, resulting in a progressive reduction in HIV-related morbidity and mortality. The increase in life expectancy for HIV-infected patients has turned this disease into a chronic disease and, therefore, to the appearance of comorbidities. At the same time there is an increase in the use of concomitant medication, making HIV-infected patient a polymedicated patient.Entities:
Keywords: aging; comorbidities; drug interactions; highly active antiretroviral therapy; polypharmacy
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2019 PMID: 32284660 PMCID: PMC7141145 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v50i3.4128
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Colomb Med (Cali) ISSN: 0120-8322
Sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, charlson comorbidity index and life habits of the patients studied according to the presence of polypharmacy. All results are expressed as percentages
| Total patients (n=154) | Pacients with polypharmacy (n=62) | |
|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 31.0 (20.1) | 17 (11.0) |
| Age, years (range) | 56.3 (50.0-73.0) | 57.6 (50.0-73.0) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Age range (years) |
|
|
| 50-54 (n= 68) | 3.5 (0.0-8.0) | 5.2 (1-8) |
| 55-59 (n=55) | 4.0 (0.0-11.0) | 6.1 (2-11) |
| 60-64 (n=17) | 4.8 (0.0-7.0) | 7.3 (6-9) |
| 65-69 (n=7) | 4.3 (1.0-11.0) | 11.0 (11) |
| ≥ 70(n= 7) | 3.7 (1.0-5.0) | 4.2 (3-5) |
|
|
|
|
| Myocardial infarction (1) | 6 (3.9) | 6 (9.7) |
| Peripheral vascular disease (1) | 8 (5.2) | 7 (11.3) |
| Cerebrovascular disease (1) | 5 (3.2) | 2 (3.2) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease (1) | 10 (6.5) | 9 (14.5) |
| Connective tissue disease (1) | 2 (1.3) | 2 (3.2) |
| Peptic ulcer disease (1) | 11 (7.1) | 8 (12.9) |
| Mild liver disease (1) | 33 (21.4) | 15 (24.2) |
| Diabetes (1) | 22 (14.3) | 18 (29.1) |
| Diabetes with chronic complication(2) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.6) |
| Renal disease (moderate to severe) (2) | 8 (5.2) | 7 (11.3) |
| Cancer (2) | 8 (5.2) | 4 (6.5) |
| Malignant lymphoma (2) | 4 (2.6) | 1 (1.6) |
| Moderate or severe liver disease (3) | 10 (6.5) | 6 (9.7) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) | ||
| 1-3 | 61 (39.6) | 18 (29.0) |
| 4-8 | 49 (31.8) | 21 (33.9) |
| ≥9 | 44 (28.6) | 23 (37.1) |
| Habits | ||
| Tobacco consumption | 76 (49.4) | 24 (38.7) |
| Daily smoker | 68 (44.2) | 23 (37.1) |
| Occasional smoker | 7 (4.6) | 1 (1.6) |
| Never smoker | 20 (13.0) | 8 (12.9) |
| Ex-smoker | 59 (38.4) | 30 (48.4) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||
| Daily consumption | 33 (21.4) | 11 (17.7) |
| Occasional consumption | 66 (42.9) | 24 (38.7) |
| Non-consumption | 55 (35.7) | 27 (43.6) |
| Substance abuse | ||
| Daily consumption | 9 (5.8) | 2 (3.2) |
| Occasional consumption | 9 (5.8) | 1 (1.6) |
| Non-consumption | 136 (88.3) | 59 (95.2) |
Prevalence of use of concomitant medications by pharmacological classes
| Non-HIV medications | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Hypolipidemic agents | 52 (33.8) |
| Anxiolytic/Sedative | 44 (28.5) |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 40 (26.0) |
| Antihypertensive agents | 36 (23.4) |
| Diuretics | 20 (13.0) |
| Antidiabetic drugs | 19 (12.3) |
| Respiratory therapy | 16 (10.4) |
| Antiplatelet agents | 13 (8.4) |
| Opiods | 10 (6.5) |
| Antipsychotics | 9 (5.8) |
| Calcium and derivatives | 9 (5.8) |
| Benign prostatic hypertrophy | 9 (5.8) |
| NSAIDs | 8 (5.2) |
| Cardiac therapy | 7 (4.5) |
| Anticonvulsants | 7 (4.5) |
| Antibacterial drugs | 7 (4.5) |
| Anti-gout agents | 7 (4.5) |
| Antihistamines | 3 (2.0) |
| HVC antivirals | 3 (2.0) |
| Corticoids | 3 (2.0) |
| Oral iron | 3 (2.0) |
| Other anti-ulcer drugs | 3 (2.0) |
| HVB antivirals | 2 (1.3) |
| Anticoagulants | 1 (0.7) |
n= 154
Statistical analysis in relation to the antiretroviral regimen and the presence of pharmacological interactions.
| Antirretrovirals clases | Drug interactions | OR IC:95% |
|---|---|---|
| Protease inhibitors | 8.82 | 4.07-19.14 |
| Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | 2.65 | 1.40-5.02 |
| Integrase inhibitors | 0.72 | 0.35-1.48 |
| Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | 0.10 | 0.04-0.25 |
Compliance to HAART according to SMAQ questionnaire and pharmacy dispensing records of the last six months.
| Método de medida de Adherencia | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total patients | Patients with polypharmacy | |||||
| RD95%+SMAQ | RD95% | SMAQ | RD95%+ SMAQ | RD95% | SMAQ | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 50-54 | 33 (48.5) | 47 (69.1) | 38 (55.9) | 15 (65.2) | 19 (82.6) | 16 (69.6) |
| 55-59 | 27 (41.8) | 34 (61.8) | 27 (49.1) | 4 (40.0%) | 8 (80.0) | 2 (20.0) |
| 60-64 | 9 (52.9) | 13 (76.5) | 8 (47.1) | 4 (50.0) | 7 (87.5) | 4 (50.0) |
| 65-69 | 7 (100.0) | 7 (100.0) | 7 (100.0) | 1 (100.0) | 1 (100.0) | 1 (100.0) |
| ≥70 | 2 (28.6) | 5 (71.4) | 2 (28.6) | 2 (28.6) | 5 (71.4) | 2 (28.6) |
Características sociodemográficas, prevalencia de las comorbilidades, índice de Charlson y hábitos de vida de los pacientes estudiados en función de la presencia de polifarmacia. Todos los resultados se expresan en porcentajes.
| Total de pacientes (n=154) | Pacientes con polifarmacia (n=62) | |
|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |
| Sexo | ||
| Mujer | 31.0 (20.1) | 17 (11.0) |
| Edad (rango) | 56.3 (50.0-73.0) | 57.6 (50.0-73.0) |
| Comorbilidades | ||
| Grupo etario (años) | media (rango) | media (rango) |
| 50-54 (n= 68) | 3.5 (0.0-8.0) | 5.2 (1-8) |
| 55-59 (n=55) | 4.0 (0.0-11.0) | 6.1 (2-11) |
| 60-64 (n=17) | 4.8 (0.0-7.0) | 7.3 (6-9) |
| 65-69 (n=7) | 4.3 (1.0-11.0) | 11.0 (11) |
| ≥ 70(n= 7) | 3.7 (1.0-5.0) | 4.2 (3-5) |
| Tipo de comorbilidad(Puntuación) | ||
| Infarto de miocardio (1) | 6 (3.9) | 6 (9.7) |
| Enfermedad vascular periférica (1) | 8 (5.2) | 7 (11.3) |
| Enfermedad cerebro vascular (1) | 5 (3.2) | 2 (3.2) |
| Enfermedad pulmonar crónica (1) | 10 (6.5) | 9 (14.5) |
| Patología del tejido conectivo (1) | 2 (1.3) | 2 (3.2) |
| Enfermedad ulcerosa (1) | 11 (7.1) | 8 (12.9) |
| Patología hepática ligera (1) | 33 (21.4) | 15 (24.2) |
| Diabetes (1) | 22 (14.3) | 18 (29.1) |
| Diabetes con lesión orgánica (2) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.6) |
| Patología renal (moderada o grave) (2) | 8 (5.2) | 7 (11.3) |
| Neoplasias (2) | 8 (5.2) | 4 (6.5) |
| Linfomas malignos (2) | 4 (2.6) | 1 (1.6) |
| Patología hepática moderada o grave (3) | 10 (6.5) | 6 (9.7) |
| Índice de Charlson (ICC) | ||
| 1-3 | 61 (39.6) | 18 (29.0) |
| 4-8 | 49 (31.8) | 21 (33.9) |
| ≥ 9 | 44 (28.6) | 23 (37.1) |
| Hábitos | ||
| Consumo de tabaco | 76 (49.4) | 24 (38.7) |
| Diariamente | 68 (44.2) | 23 (37.1) |
| Ocasional | 7 (4.6) | 1 (1.6) |
| Nunca | 20 (13.0) | 8 (12.9) |
| Exfumador | 59 (38.4) | 30 (48.4) |
| Consumo de alcohol | ||
| Diariamente | 33 (21.4) | 11 (17.7) |
| Ocasional | 66 (42.9) | 24 (38.7) |
| Nunca | 55 (35.7) | 27 (43.6) |
| Consumo sustancias de abuso | ||
| Diariamente | 9 (5.8) | 2 (3.2) |
| Ocasional | 9 (5.8) | 1 (1.6) |
| Nunca | 136 (88.3) | 59 (95.2) |
Proporción de uso de tratamientos concomitantes por grupo farmacológico
| Terapia no HAART | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Hipolipemiantes | 52 (33.8) |
| Ansiolíticos/Sedantes | 44 (28.5) |
| Inhibidores de la bomba de protones | 40 (26.0) |
| Antihipertensivos | 36 (23.4) |
| Diuréticos | 20 (13.0) |
| Antidiabéticos | 19 (12.3) |
| Terapia respiratoria | 16 (10.4) |
| Antiagregantes | 13 (8.4) |
| Opioides | 10 (6.5) |
| Antipsicóticos | 9 (5.8) |
| Calcio y derivados | 9 (5.8) |
| Hipertrofia prostática | 9 (5.8) |
| AINES | 8 (5.2) |
| Terapia cardiaca | 7 (4.5) |
| Anticonvulsivantes | 7 (4.5) |
| Antibacterianos | 7 (4.5) |
| Antigotosos | 7 (4.5) |
| Antihistamínicos | 3 (2.0) |
| Antivirales VHC | 3 (2.0) |
| Corticoides | 3 (2.0) |
| Hierro oral | 3 (2.0) |
| Otros antiulcerosos | 3 (2.0) |
| Antivirales VHB | 2 (1.3) |
| Anticoagulantes | 1 (0.7) |
n= 154
Análisis estadístico en relación al régimen antiretroviral y la presencia de interacciones farmacológicas.
| Familia de antirretrovirales | Presencia de Interacciones (OR) | IC 95% |
|---|---|---|
| Inhibidores de la proteasa | 8.82 | 4.07-19.14 |
| Inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa no análogos de nucleósidos | 2.65 | 1.40-5.02 |
| Inhibidores de la integrasa | 0.72 | 0.35-1.48 |
| Inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa análogos de nucleósidos | 0.10 | 0.04-0.25 |
Cumplimiento a la terapia HAART según el cuestionario de adherencia SMAQ y el registro de dispensación de los últimos seis meses.
| Método de medida de Adherencia | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total pacientes | Pacientes con polifarmacia | |||||
| RD95%+SMAQ | RD95% | SMAQ | RD95%+ SMAQ | RD95% | SMAQ | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Edad (años) | ||||||
| 50-54 | 33 (48.5) | 47 (69.1) | 38 (55.9) | 15 (65.2) | 19 (82.6) | 16 (69.6) |
| 55-59 | 27 (41.8) | 34 (61.8) | 27 (49.1) | 4 (40.0%) | 8 (80.0) | 2 (20.0) |
| 60-64 | 9 (52.9) | 13 (76.5) | 8 (47.1) | 4 (50.0) | 7 (87.5) | 4 (50.0) |
| 65-69 | 7 (100.0) | 7 (100.0) | 7 (100.0) | 1 (100.0) | 1 (100.0) | 1 (100.0) |
| ≥ 70 | 2 (28.6) | 5 (71.4) | 2 (28.6) | 2 (28.6) | 5 (71.4) | 2 (28.6) |
|
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| The study was carried out due to the high rate of HIV patients over 50 who came to the pharmacy to pick up the medication and for whom in many cases the concomitant treatment they were currently taking had not been updated |
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| The use of integrase inhibitors may be a good alternative for those polymedicated patients. |
|
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| As the number of drugs used increases, the problems related to medication increase, leading to a lower adherence to HAART, as well as an increase in the number of potential pharmacological interactions, so a more exhaustive follow-up should be carried out in this group of patients |
| 1) Por que se hizo este estudio? |
| El estudio se realizó debido a la alta tasa de pacientes con VIH mayores de 50 años que acudieron a la farmacia a recoger el medicamento y para quienes en muchos casos el tratamiento concomitante que estaban tomando actualmente no se había actualizado |
| 2) Cuales fueron los resultados mas relevantes? |
| El uso de inhibidores de la integrasa puede ser una buena alternativa para aquellos pacientes polmedicados. |
| 3) Que significan los hallazgos? |
| A medida que aumenta el número de medicamentos utilizados, aumentan los problemas relacionados con la medicación, lo que conduce a una menor adherencia al TARGA, así como a un aumento en el número de posibles interacciones farmacológicas, por lo que se debe realizar un seguimiento más exhaustivo en este grupo de pacientes |