Diego Raimondo1, Giulia Borghese2, Mohamed Mabrouk3, Alessandro Arena1, Marco Ambrosio1, Simona Del Forno1, Eugenia Degli Esposti1, Paolo Casadio1, Giulia Mattioli1, Manuela Mastronardi1, Renato Seracchioli1. 1. Unit of Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (Drs. Raimondo, Borghese, Arena, Ambrosio, Del Forno, Degli Esposti, Casadio, Mattioli, Mastronardi, and Seracchioli). 2. Unit of Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (Drs. Raimondo, Borghese, Arena, Ambrosio, Del Forno, Degli Esposti, Casadio, Mattioli, Mastronardi, and Seracchioli). Electronic address: giuliamaria.borghese@gmail.com. 3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cambridge Clinical School, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr. Mabrouk).
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and potential usefulness of near-infrared imaging (NIR) with indocyanine green (ICG) to assess ureteral perfusion after conservative surgery (ureterolysis or nodule removal) for ureteral endometriosis. Any changes to the surgical plan regarding intraoperative ureteral stent placement after NIR-ICG evaluation and early postoperative outcomes were recorded. DESIGN: Prospective case series study. SETTING: Tertiary level referral center for endometriosis and minimally invasive gynecology. PATIENTS: Consecutive symptomatic women scheduled for laparoscopic conservative ureteral surgery for ureteral endometriosis. INTERVENTIONS: After ureterolysis or nodule removal, residual perfusion of the ureters with regular caliber and peristalsis was evaluated through NIR-ICG imaging. Ureteral perfusion grade was defined as absent, irregular, or regular. Time required for NIR-ICG assessment, interoperator agreement regarding ureteral perfusion grade, any changes to the surgical plan after NIR-ICG evaluation, perioperative complications, and clinical-radiologic outcomes at early follow-up were recorded. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 31 ureters were examined with NIR-ICG imaging after conservative ureteral procedures. ICG assessment required 5.4 + 2.3 minutes. No complications related to fluorescence imaging were observed. Local ischemia supporting ureteral stent placement was suspected in 5 ureters (16.1%) at white light. Of these, 2 (40.0%) presented regular fluorescence; thus, ureteral stent placement was avoided. In the remaining 3 (60.0%), NIR-ICG confirmed irregular or absent fluorescence, requiring ureteral stent placement. Interoperator agreement regarding NIR-ICG evaluation was high. At a 3-month follow-up, all procedures were clinically and radiologically successful. CONCLUSION: NIR-ICG imaging after conservative surgery for ureteral endometriosis seems to be a feasible, safe, and useful tool to assess ureteral perfusion and guide surgical decision, together with other visual cues at white light. However, this approach needs to be validated by further larger and controlled studies.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and potential usefulness of near-infrared imaging (NIR) with indocyanine green (ICG) to assess ureteral perfusion after conservative surgery (ureterolysis or nodule removal) for ureteral endometriosis. Any changes to the surgical plan regarding intraoperative ureteral stent placement after NIR-ICG evaluation and early postoperative outcomes were recorded. DESIGN: Prospective case series study. SETTING: Tertiary level referral center for endometriosis and minimally invasive gynecology. PATIENTS: Consecutive symptomatic women scheduled for laparoscopic conservative ureteral surgery for ureteral endometriosis. INTERVENTIONS: After ureterolysis or nodule removal, residual perfusion of the ureters with regular caliber and peristalsis was evaluated through NIR-ICG imaging. Ureteral perfusion grade was defined as absent, irregular, or regular. Time required for NIR-ICG assessment, interoperator agreement regarding ureteral perfusion grade, any changes to the surgical plan after NIR-ICG evaluation, perioperative complications, and clinical-radiologic outcomes at early follow-up were recorded. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 31 ureters were examined with NIR-ICG imaging after conservative ureteral procedures. ICG assessment required 5.4 + 2.3 minutes. No complications related to fluorescence imaging were observed. Local ischemia supporting ureteral stent placement was suspected in 5 ureters (16.1%) at white light. Of these, 2 (40.0%) presented regular fluorescence; thus, ureteral stent placement was avoided. In the remaining 3 (60.0%), NIR-ICG confirmed irregular or absent fluorescence, requiring ureteral stent placement. Interoperator agreement regarding NIR-ICG evaluation was high. At a 3-month follow-up, all procedures were clinically and radiologically successful. CONCLUSION: NIR-ICG imaging after conservative surgery for ureteral endometriosis seems to be a feasible, safe, and useful tool to assess ureteral perfusion and guide surgical decision, together with other visual cues at white light. However, this approach needs to be validated by further larger and controlled studies.
Authors: Luigi Carlo Turco; Giuseppe Vizzielli; Virginia Vargiu; Salvatore Gueli Alletti; Maria De Ninno; Gabriella Ferrandina; Luigi Pedone Anchora; Giovanni Scambia; Francesco Cosentino Journal: Front Oncol Date: 2021-11-15 Impact factor: 6.244
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