The Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems on Athletes.

The rapid rise in popularity of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), or vaping, has not eluded the athletic population. Increasing use of youth sports participants, as well as collegiate and professionals, means sports medicine providers and coaches alike should be familiar with the effects of these devices. Current evidence demonstrates an impact on both the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. These effects appear less significant than smoking tobacco cigarettes, but the extent and longevity of the consequences of ENDS use is unclear. Mechanisms for recovery, such as sleep and injury healing, also are affected. Lastly, the emergence of life-threatening pulmonary disease associated with ENDS use may have devastating effects on an athlete. This article will highlight the recent literature on the impact of ENDS on athletes and athletic performance, as well as the potentially life-threatening consequences of use.