Psychiatry in a troubled world: the relation of clinical practice and social reality.

Based on studies conducted over the course of the past half-century, elements common to all forms of effective psychotherapy are reviewed. The emergence of innovative modes of therapy is noted, with special attention to the recent advent of systems-theoretical approaches to intervention. Contradictions between therapeutic goals of personal harmony and our current competitive social ethic are considered, and the mental health implications of achieving a more just society are highlighted.