Hiroaki Ikezaki1,2, Norihiro Furusyo1,2, Yuya Yokota2,3, Masumi Ai2,4, Bela F Asztalos2,5, Masayuki Murata1, Jun Hayashi1, Ernst J Schaefer2,5. 1. Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital. 2. Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University School of Medicine. 3. Cardiovascular Division, Showa University Hospital. 4. Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University. 5. Boston Heart Diagnostics.
Abstract
AIM: The association between small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) levels and carotid intimal medial thickness (cIMT) progression has not been evaluated fully. We assessed specialized lipoproteins, including sdLDL-C, with regard to cIMT progression in a prospective observational study in Japan. METHODS: Plasma total cholesterol, direct LDL-C, sdLDL-C, LDL-triglycerides (LDL-TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL2-C, HDL3-C, triglycerides, Lp(a), and adiponectin were measured in 2,030 men and women (median age 59 years, free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and off cholesterol lowering medication). At both baseline and after a five-year follow-up, cIMT was assessed. Univariate, multivariate regression, and least square analyses were performed to examine the relationships between direct LDL-C, sdLDL-C, and other lipoproteins with cIMT progression. RESULTS: The median cIMT at baseline was 0.63 mm and five-year progression was 0.18 mm. After adjustment for standard CVD risk factors, including age, gender, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-C, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension treatment, only direct LDL-C, sdLDL-C, and the sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio were associated with cIMT progression. Even in subjects with direct LDL-C ＜100 mg/dL, who were considered at low CVD risk, elevated sdLDL-C were associated with cIMT progression (P for trend=0.009) in a model with established CVD risk factors, although the sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio did not. Those correlations did not change by including triglycerides as a controlling factor or excluding premenopausal women from the analyzed population. CONCLUSIONS: Small dense LDL-C has a stronger relationship with cIMT progression than LDL-C does; therefore, measuring sdLDL-C may allow for the formulation of optimal therapy for CVD prevention.
AIM: The association between small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) levels and carotid intimal medial thickness (cIMT) progression has not been evaluated fully. We assessed specialized lipoproteins, including sdLDL-C, with regard to cIMT progression in a prospective observational study in Japan. METHODS: Plasma total cholesterol, direct LDL-C, sdLDL-C, LDL-triglycerides (LDL-TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL2-C, HDL3-C, triglycerides, Lp(a), and adiponectin were measured in 2,030 men and women (median age 59 years, free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and off cholesterol lowering medication). At both baseline and after a five-year follow-up, cIMT was assessed. Univariate, multivariate regression, and least square analyses were performed to examine the relationships between direct LDL-C, sdLDL-C, and other lipoproteins with cIMT progression. RESULTS: The median cIMT at baseline was 0.63 mm and five-year progression was 0.18 mm. After adjustment for standard CVD risk factors, including age, gender, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-C, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension treatment, only direct LDL-C, sdLDL-C, and the sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio were associated with cIMT progression. Even in subjects with direct LDL-C ＜100 mg/dL, who were considered at low CVD risk, elevated sdLDL-C were associated with cIMT progression (P for trend=0.009) in a model with established CVD risk factors, although the sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio did not. Those correlations did not change by including triglycerides as a controlling factor or excluding premenopausal women from the analyzed population. CONCLUSIONS: Small dense LDL-C has a stronger relationship with cIMT progression than LDL-C does; therefore, measuring sdLDL-C may allow for the formulation of optimal therapy for CVD prevention.
Authors: Ying Shen; Xiao Qun Wang; Yang Dai; Yi Xuan Wang; Rui Yan Zhang; Lin Lu; Feng Hua Ding; Wei Feng Shen Journal: Front Cardiovasc Med Date: 2022-08-22
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Authors: Juan Huang; Jun-Xu Gu; Hui-Zhang Bao; Shan-Shan Li; Xiao-Qin Yao; Ming Yang; Yang Li; Ai-Min Zhang; Yue Yin; Na Zhang; Mei Jia; Ming Su Journal: Dis Markers Date: 2021-05-10 Impact factor: 3.434