Dae-Woo Lee1, Young-Jae Kim2, Seong Oh Kim3, Sung Chul Choi4, Jongbin Kim5, Ju Hyun Lee6, Hyun Jung Kim7, Jonghyun Shin8, Nan-Young Lee9, Seon-Mi Kim10, Jiyoung Ra11, Jihun Kim12, Yeon-Mi Yang13. 1. Dr. D. W. Lee is an assistant professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea. 2. Dr. Y. J. Kim is a professor and chair, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. 3. Dr. S. O. Kim is a professor and chair, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Yonsei University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. 4. Dr. Choi is a professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyunghee University, Seoul, South Korea. 5. Dr. J. Kim is an associate professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea. 6. Dr. J. H. Lee is a professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea. 7. Dr. H. J. Kim is a professor and chair, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea. 8. Dr. Shin is an assistant professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea. 9. Dr. N. Y. Lee is a professor and chair, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, South Korea. 10. Dr. S. M. Kim is a professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, both in Gwangju, South Korea. 11. Dr. J. Ra is a professor and chair, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea. 12. Dr. J. Kim is an associate professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea. 13. Dr. Y. M. Yang is a professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea;, Email: pedo1997@jbnu.ac.kr.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this case-control study was to investigate the relationship between molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and pre-, peri-, and postnatal conditions of children and mothers in South Korea. Methods: The Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry con- ducted this study to examine factors associated with MIH among six- to 13-year-olds. The European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria and self-administered questionnaires associated with MIH were used. Results: In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of MIH for children whose mothers used health supplements during pregnancy was 0.65 (P=0.009). Also, children with more than three hours of out- door activities per day tended to have a lower MIH (P=0.03) than did those with zero hours of outdoor activity. Additionally, the OR of MIH for children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy was 2.37 (P=0.019) and the MIH found to be 1.33 times more frequent in children with respiratory infections during the first three years of life (P=0.048). Conclusions: Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child's pediatric respiratory infection suffered within three years after birth are factors associated with the MIH among Korean children. Further study is needed because the prevalence of MIH in children whose mothers taking health supplements (vitamins or folic acid or iron) during pregnancy is low.
Purpose: The purpose of this case-control study was to investigate the relationship between molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and pre-, peri-, and postnatal conditions of children and mothers in South Korea. Methods: The Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry con- ducted this study to examine factors associated with MIH among six- to 13-year-olds. The European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria and self-administered questionnaires associated with MIH were used. Results: In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of MIH for children whose mothers used health supplements during pregnancy was 0.65 (P=0.009). Also, children with more than three hours of out- door activities per day tended to have a lower MIH (P=0.03) than did those with zero hours of outdoor activity. Additionally, the OR of MIH for children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy was 2.37 (P=0.019) and the MIH found to be 1.33 times more frequent in children with respiratory infections during the first three years of life (P=0.048). Conclusions: Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child's pediatric respiratory infection suffered within three years after birth are factors associated with the MIH among Korean children. Further study is needed because the prevalence of MIH in children whose mothers taking health supplements (vitamins or folic acid or iron) during pregnancy is low.