Mehmet Gökkaya1, Athanasios Damialis1, Thomas Nussbaumer1, Isabelle Beck1, Nikolaos Bounas-Pyrros2, Sebastian Bezold2, Marie M Amisi1, Franziska Kolek1, Antonia Todorova2, Adam Chaker3, Lorenz Aglas4, Fatima Ferreira4, Frank A Redegeld5, Jens O Brunner6, Avidan U Neumann1, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann7, Stefanie Gilles8. 1. Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany. 2. Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Clinic Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany. 3. ENT Department, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. 4. Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria. 5. Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 6. Chair of Health Care Operations/Health Information Management, UNIKA-T, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany. 7. Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Clinic Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland. 8. Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany. Electronic address: stefanie.gilles@tum.de.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pollen exposure induces local and systemic allergic immune responses in sensitized individuals, but nonsensitized individuals also are exposed to pollen. The kinetics of symptom expression under natural pollen exposure have never been systematically studied, especially in subjects without allergy. OBJECTIVE: We monitored the humoral immune response under natural pollen exposure to potentially uncover nasal biomarkers for in-season symptom severity and identify protective factors. METHODS: We compared humoral immune response kinetics in a panel study of subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and subjects without allergy and tested for cross-sectional and interseasonal differences in levels of serum and nasal, total, and Betula verrucosa 1-specific immunoglobulin isotypes; immunoglobulin free light chains; cytokines; and chemokines. Nonsupervised principal component analysis was performed for all nasal immune variables, and single immune variables were correlated with in-season symptom severity by Spearman test. RESULTS: Symptoms followed airborne pollen concentrations in subjects with SAR, with a time lag between 0 and 13 days depending on the pollen type. Of the 7 subjects with nonallergy, 4 also exhibited in-season symptoms whereas 3 did not. Cumulative symptoms in those without allergy were lower than in those with SAR but followed the pollen exposure with similar kinetics. Nasal eotaxin-2, CCL22/MDC, and monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were higher in subjects with SAR, whereas IL-8 levels were higher in subjects without allergy. Principal component analysis and Spearman correlations identified nasal levels of IL-8, IL-33, and Betula verrucosa 1-specific IgG4 (sIgG4) and Betula verrucosa 1-specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies as predictive for seasonal symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS: Nasal pollen-specific IgA and IgG isotypes are potentially protective within the humoral compartment. Nasal levels of IL-8, IL-33, sIgG4 and sIgE could be predictive biomarkers for pollen-specific symptom expression, irrespective of atopy.
BACKGROUND: Pollen exposure induces local and systemic allergic immune responses in sensitized individuals, but nonsensitized individuals also are exposed to pollen. The kinetics of symptom expression under natural pollen exposure have never been systematically studied, especially in subjects without allergy. OBJECTIVE: We monitored the humoral immune response under natural pollen exposure to potentially uncover nasal biomarkers for in-season symptom severity and identify protective factors. METHODS: We compared humoral immune response kinetics in a panel study of subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and subjects without allergy and tested for cross-sectional and interseasonal differences in levels of serum and nasal, total, and Betula verrucosa 1-specific immunoglobulin isotypes; immunoglobulin free light chains; cytokines; and chemokines. Nonsupervised principal component analysis was performed for all nasal immune variables, and single immune variables were correlated with in-season symptom severity by Spearman test. RESULTS: Symptoms followed airborne pollen concentrations in subjects with SAR, with a time lag between 0 and 13 days depending on the pollen type. Of the 7 subjects with nonallergy, 4 also exhibited in-season symptoms whereas 3 did not. Cumulative symptoms in those without allergy were lower than in those with SAR but followed the pollen exposure with similar kinetics. Nasal eotaxin-2, CCL22/MDC, and monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were higher in subjects with SAR, whereas IL-8 levels were higher in subjects without allergy. Principal component analysis and Spearman correlations identified nasal levels of IL-8, IL-33, and Betula verrucosa 1-specific IgG4 (sIgG4) and Betula verrucosa 1-specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies as predictive for seasonal symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS: Nasal pollen-specific IgA and IgG isotypes are potentially protective within the humoral compartment. Nasal levels of IL-8, IL-33, sIgG4 and sIgE could be predictive biomarkers for pollen-specific symptom expression, irrespective of atopy.
Authors: Athanasios Damialis; Stefanie Gilles; Mikhail Sofiev; Viktoria Sofieva; Franziska Kolek; Daniela Bayr; Maria P Plaza; Vivien Leier-Wirtz; Sigrid Kaschuba; Lewis H Ziska; Leonard Bielory; László Makra; Maria Del Mar Trigo; Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2021-03-23 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Letty A de Weger; Peter Th W van Hal; Bernadette Bos; Frank Molster; Marijke Mostert; Pieter S Hiemstra Journal: Front Allergy Date: 2021-04-08