Alexandra Costa1, Milton Severo1,2, Sofia Vilela1, Alison Fildes3, Andreia Oliveira4,5. 1. EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. 2. Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. 3. School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, England. 4. EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. acmatos@ispup.up.pt. 5. Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. acmatos@ispup.up.pt.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Appetitive behaviours have been associated with body mass index (BMI). However, existing data were largely derived from cross-sectional studies and cannot provide insight into the direction of associations. We aimed to explore the bidirectionality of these associations in school-age children. METHODS: Participants are from the Generation XXI birth cohort, assessed at both 7 and 10 years of age (n = 4264; twins excluded). The Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) was used to measure appetitive behaviours (8 subscales). Anthropometrics were measured and WHO BMI z-score was calculated. Cross-lagged analyses were performed to compare the magnitude and direction of the associations (behaviours at 7 years to BMI z-score at 10 years and the reverse) (covariates: child's sex, physical exercise, maternal age and education; plus BMI z-score at age 7 or, in the reverse direction, the subscale score). RESULTS: In cross-lagged analyses, appetitive behaviours at 10 years of age (apart from emotional undereating) were shown to be reactive to the child BMI z-score at 7 years of age. Only slowness in eating was significantly related to subsequent BMI. However, the strongest association was from the child BMI z-score to the behaviour (βstandardized = - 0.028 compared with βstandardized = - 0.103, likelihood ratio test p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: BMI at age 7 was related to appetitive behaviours at 10 years of age, rather than the reverse. This suggests that children with a higher BMI in middle childhood are at increased risk of developing an avid appetite over time.
PURPOSE: Appetitive behaviours have been associated with body mass index (BMI). However, existing data were largely derived from cross-sectional studies and cannot provide insight into the direction of associations. We aimed to explore the bidirectionality of these associations in school-age children. METHODS:Participants are from the Generation XXI birth cohort, assessed at both 7 and 10 years of age (n = 4264; twins excluded). The Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) was used to measure appetitive behaviours (8 subscales). Anthropometrics were measured and WHO BMI z-score was calculated. Cross-lagged analyses were performed to compare the magnitude and direction of the associations (behaviours at 7 years to BMI z-score at 10 years and the reverse) (covariates: child's sex, physical exercise, maternal age and education; plus BMI z-score at age 7 or, in the reverse direction, the subscale score). RESULTS: In cross-lagged analyses, appetitive behaviours at 10 years of age (apart from emotional undereating) were shown to be reactive to the child BMI z-score at 7 years of age. Only slowness in eating was significantly related to subsequent BMI. However, the strongest association was from the child BMI z-score to the behaviour (βstandardized = - 0.028 compared with βstandardized = - 0.103, likelihood ratio test p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: BMI at age 7 was related to appetitive behaviours at 10 years of age, rather than the reverse. This suggests that children with a higher BMI in middle childhood are at increased risk of developing an avid appetite over time.
Authors: Clare H Llewellyn; Cornelia H M van Jaarsveld; David Boniface; Susan Carnell; Jane Wardle Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2008-12 Impact factor: 7.045
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