| Literature DB >> 32267372 |
Álvaro Besoain-Saldaña1, Jame Rebolledo Sanhueza1, Mónica Manríquez Hizaut1, Valentina Cortínez Rojas2, Gabriela Huepe Ortega3, Verónica Aliaga-Castillo1.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation status of the Community-Based Rehabilitation in Chile.Entities:
Year: 2020 PMID: 32267372 PMCID: PMC7112743 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054001999
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Saude Publica ISSN: 0034-8910 Impact factor: 2.106
Figure 1Components and elements of the CBR Matrix Source: Adapted from WHO, 2012.
Frequency of activities components performed Health, Education and Livelihood, Community Rehabilitation Centers, Metropolitan Region, Chile, 2016.
| CBR | Activities | Category | n | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health | [Prevention, primary] Activities to prevent early illness, disorder or injury of DP and their families. | N / R | 8 | 18.6 |
| S | 11 | 25.6 | ||
| AA / A | 24 | 55.8 | ||
| [Prevention, secondary] Early detection of diseases, disorders or injuries of DP and their families. | N / R | 9 | 20.9 | |
| S | 16 | 37.2 | ||
| AA / A | 18 | 41.9 | ||
| [Promotion] control of risk factors for the health of DP and their families. | N / R | 5 | 11.6 | |
| S | 10 | 23.3 | ||
| AA / A | 28 | 65.1 | ||
| [Promotion] Strengthening the skills of DP and their families to face the social, economic or environmental conditions that influence health. | N / R | 8 | 18.6 | |
| S | 7 | 16.3 | ||
| AA / A | 28 | 65.1 | ||
| [Medical Care] Timely delivery of care to identify, evaluate and/or treat health conditions of DP and their families. | N / R | 1 | 2.3 | |
| S | 3 | 7.0 | ||
| AA / A | 39 | 90.7 | ||
| [Rehabilitation] Facilitating the achievement of an optimal functioning of DP in their environment. | S | 2 | 4.7 | |
| AA / A | 41 | 95.3 | ||
| [Assistive Devices] Support in the use of devices to assist DP. | S | 1 | 2.3 | |
| AA / A | 42 | 97.7 | ||
| Education | [Early Childhood] Supporting the inclusion of children with disabilities in preschool education. | N / R | 34 | 79.1 |
| S | 7 | 16.3 | ||
| AA / A | 2 | 4.7 | ||
| [Primary] Support for the inclusion of children with disabilities in primary schools. | N / R | 35 | 81.4 | |
| S | 6 | 14.0 | ||
| AA / A | 2 | 4.7 | ||
| [High school] Supporting the inclusion of young people with disabilities in secondary education. | N / R | 33 | 76.7 | |
| S | 9 | 20.9 | ||
| AA / A | 1 | 2.3 | ||
| [Superior] Support for the entry and maintenance of young people with disabilities in higher education. | N / R | 34 | 79.1 | |
| S | 7 | 16.3 | ||
| AA / A | 2 | 4.7 | ||
| [Non-formal education] Non-formal educational activities for children and young people with disabilities in the community. | N / R | 36 | 83.7 | |
| S | 7 | 16.3 | ||
| [Lifelong learning] Learning activities for DP who have not been covered by formal education. | N / R | 24 | 55.8 | |
| S | 16 | 37.2 | ||
| AA / A | 3 | 7.0 | ||
| Livelihood | [Basic Skills Development] Work skills (literacy, math or learning skills). | N / R | 21 | 48.8 |
| S | 14 | 32.6 | ||
| AA / A | 8 | 18.6 | ||
| [Technical Skills Development] Technical and professional skills (carpentry, shoemaking, weaving, craftsmanship). | N / R | 21 | 48.8 | |
| S | 10 | 23.3 | ||
| AA / A | 12 | 27.9 | ||
| [Entrepreneurship Skills Development] Skills for entrepreneurship (administration, planning or working with people). | N / R | 24 | 55.8 | |
| R | 11 | 25.6 | ||
| AA / A | 8 | 18.6 | ||
| [Skills Development] Life skills (teamwork, interpersonal skills, creative thinking. | N / R | 14 | 32.6 | |
| S | 12 | 27.9 | ||
| AA / A | 17 | 39.5 | ||
| [Self-employment] Support for the development of self-employed income-generating activities. | N / R | 20 | 46.5 | |
| S | 11 | 25.6 | ||
| AA / A | 12 | 27.9 | ||
| [Paid work] Activities to overcome and/or reduce barriers to entry into paid work. | N / R | 22 | 51.2 | |
| S | 13 | 30.2 | ||
| AA / A | 8 | 18.6 | ||
| [Social protection, social benefits] Promoting access to social benefits provided by the State or other organizations. | N / R | 9 | 20.9 | |
| S | 12 | 27.9 | ||
| AA / A | 22 | 51.2 | ||
| [Social Protection, support networks] Development of social support networks (self-help groups, community organizations, family support). | N / R | 6 | 14.0 | |
| S | 6 | 14.0 | ||
| AA / A | 31 | 72.1 |
N= never, R= rarely, S= sometimes, AA= almost always, A= always, DP= disabled person
Frequency of activities performed components Social and Strengthening. Community Rehabilitation Centers, Metropolitan Region, Chile, 2016.
| CBR | Questions | Category | n | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social | [Personal Assistance] Support access, administration of non-family personal assistance necessary for living with self-determination and dignity. | N / R | 12 | 27.9 |
| S | 16 | 37.2 | ||
| AA/A | 15 | 34.9 | ||
| [Maternity and Paternity] Facilitate access to services and programs to support DP in their maternity and paternity. | N / R | 28 | 65.1 | |
| S | 7 | 16.3 | ||
| AA/A | 8 | 18.6 | ||
| [Relationships, marriage and family] Support for the development of satisfactory family relationships. | N / R | 7 | 16.3 | |
| S | 10 | 23.3 | ||
| AA/A | 26 | 60.5 | ||
| [Social Relations] Encouragement and support for DP to socialize and develop relationships outside home. | N / R | 2 | 4.7 | |
| S | 7 | 16.3 | ||
| AA/A | 34 | 79.1 | ||
| [Relationships, marriage and family] Raising awareness about disability, preventing associated violence and changing negative attitudes of both family members and the community. | N / R | 5 | 11.6 | |
| S | 5 | 11.6 | ||
| AA/A | 33 | 76.7 | ||
| [Culture and the arts] Activities that help develop the identity of DP. | N / R | 7 | 16.3 | |
| S | 6 | 14 | ||
| AA/A | 30 | 69.8 | ||
| [Culture and arts] Developing the sense of belonging of the DP to his/her community and territory | N / R | 9 | 20.9 | |
| S | 8 | 18.6 | ||
| AA/A | 26 | 60.5 | ||
| [Culture and arts] Supporting access and inclusion of DP to cultural and artistic activities | N / R | 11 | 25.6 | |
| S | 9 | 20.9 | ||
| AA/A | 23 | 53.5 | ||
| [Recreation, leisure and sports] Promoting the participation of DP in recreation and sports activities. | N / R | 5 | 11.6 | |
| S | 12 | 27.9 | ||
| AA/A | 26 | 60.5 | ||
| [Justice] Promoting the DP and family members to use community and/or judicial support when their rights are violated. | N / R | 10 | 23.3 | |
| S | 16 | 37.2 | ||
| AA/A | 17 | 39.5 | ||
| Strengthening | [Defense and Communication] Encouraging the use of technology or support to ensure the accessibility of information and communication. | N / R | 14 | 32.6 |
| S | 17 | 39.5 | ||
| AA/A | 12 | 27.9 | ||
| [Defense and Representation] Support for DP and their families to represent themselves in their respective communities. | N / R | 12 | 27.9 | |
| S | 18 | 41.9 | ||
| AA/A | 13 | 30.2 | ||
| [Community Empowerment] Encourage the community to improve the quality of life of DP and their families. | N / R | 8 | 18.6 | |
| S | 9 | 20.9 | ||
| AA/A | 26 | 60.5 | ||
| [Political Participation] Promote the participation of DP in formal politics (political decision-making and local or central development programmes). | N / R | 15 | 34.9 | |
| S | 12 | 27.9 | ||
| AA/A | 16 | 37.2 | ||
| [Political Participation Skills] Supporting DP and their families in accessing information and developing skills to participate in politics. | N / R | 22 | 51.2 | |
| S | 12 | 27.9 | ||
| AA/A | 9 | 20.9 | ||
| [Self-Help Groups] Encouraging self-help groups for common activities and problem solving. | N / R | 13 | 30.2 | |
| S | 9 | 20.9 | ||
| AA/A | 21 | 48.8 | ||
| [Formation of DP organizations] Support the formation of DP organizations. | N / R | 11 | 25.6 | |
| S | 9 | 20.9 | ||
| AA/A | 23 | 53.5 |
N= never, R= rarely, S= sometimes, AA= almost always, A= always, DP= disabled person
Figure 2Rate of implementation by CBR component.
MeG (acronym in Spanish) = Global overall
Level perception of professional team training in the components of CBR. Community Rehabilitation Centers, Metropolitan Region, Chile, 2016.
| Perception of the overall level of training | n | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| in health | Very Low | 1 | 2.3 |
| Low | 1 | 2.3 | |
| Medium | 13 | 30.2 | |
| High | 20 | 46.5 | |
| Very high | 8 | 18.6 | |
| in education | Very Low | 9 | 20.9 |
| Low | 18 | 41.9 | |
| Medium | 14 | 32.6 | |
| High | 2 | 4.7 | |
| Very high | 0 | 0.0 | |
| in livelihood | Very Low | 5 | 11.6 |
| Low | 7 | 16.3 | |
| Medium | 20 | 46.5 | |
| High | 8 | 18.6 | |
| Very high | 3 | 7.0 | |
| in the social sphere | Very Low | 3 | 7.0 |
| Low | 11 | 25.6 | |
| Medium | 17 | 39.5 | |
| High | 8 | 18.6 | |
| Very high | 4 | 9.3 | |
| in strengthening | Very Low | 3 | 7.0 |
| Low | 11 | 25.6 | |
| Medium | 18 | 41.9 | |
| High | 5 | 11.6 | |
| Very high | 6 | 14.0 |
CBR = Community-Based Rehabilitation
Figura 1Componentes y elementos de la Matriz de RBC. Fuente: Adaptada de OMS, 2012.
Frecuencia de actividades realizadas componentes Salud, Educación y Subsistencia, Centros Comunitarios de Rehabilitación, Región Metropolitana, Chile, 2016.
| RBC | Actividades | Categoría | n | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salud | [Prevención, primaria] Actividades para evitar de manera temprana enfermedades, desórdenes o lesiones de las PcD y sus familias | N / MPV | 8 | 18,6 |
| AV | 11 | 25,6 | ||
| CS / S | 24 | 55,8 | ||
| [Prevención, secundaria] Detección temprana de enfermedades, desórdenes o lesiones de PcD y sus familias | N / MPV | 9 | 20,9 | |
| AV | 16 | 37,2 | ||
| CS / S | 18 | 41,9 | ||
| [Promoción] control de factores de riesgo para la salud de PcD y sus familias. | N / MPV | 5 | 11,6 | |
| AV | 10 | 23,3 | ||
| CS / S | 28 | 65,1 | ||
| [Promoción] Fortalecimiento de las destrezas de las PcD y sus familias para enfrentar las condiciones sociales, económicas o ambientales que influyen en la salud. | N / MPV | 8 | 18,6 | |
| AV | 7 | 16,3 | ||
| CS / S | 28 | 65,1 | ||
| [Atención Médica] Entrega oportuna de atención para identificar, evaluar y/o tratar condiciones de salud de las PcD y sus familias. | N / MPV | 1 | 2,3 | |
| AV | 3 | 7,0 | ||
| CS / S | 39 | 90,7 | ||
| [Rehabilitación] Facilitar el logro de un funcionamiento óptimo de las PcD en su entorno. | AV | 2 | 4,7 | |
| CS / S | 41 | 95,3 | ||
| [Dispositivos de Asistencia] Apoyo en el uso de dispositivos para asistir a una PcD. | AV | 1 | 2,3 | |
| CS / S | 42 | 97,7 | ||
| Educación | [Infancia Temprana] Apoyo a la inclusión de niños(as) con discapacidad en educación preescolar | N / MPV | 34 | 79,1 |
| AV | 7 | 16,3 | ||
| CS / S | 2 | 4,7 | ||
| [Primaria] Apoyo a la inclusión de niños(as) con discapacidad en escuelas primarias. | N / MPV | 35 | 81,4 | |
| AV | 6 | 14,0 | ||
| CS / S | 2 | 4,7 | ||
| [Secundaria] Apoyo a la inclusión de jóvenes con discapacidad en la educación secundaria. | N / MPV | 33 | 76,7 | |
| AV | 9 | 20,9 | ||
| CS / S | 1 | 2,3 | ||
| [Superior] Apoyo al ingreso y mantención de jóvenes con discapacidad en la educación superior. | N / MPV | 34 | 79,1 | |
| AV | 7 | 16,3 | ||
| CS / S | 2 | 4,7 | ||
| [Educación no formal] Actividades educativas no formales para niños(as) y jóvenes con discapacidad en la comunidad | N / MPV | 36 | 83,7 | |
| AV | 7 | 16,3 | ||
| [Aprendizaje de toda la vida] Actividades de aprendizaje para PcD que no han sido cubiertas por la educación formal | N / MPV | 24 | 55,8 | |
| AV | 16 | 37,2 | ||
| CS / S | 3 | 7,0 | ||
| Subsistencia | [Desarrollo de Destrezas Básicas] Destrezas para el trabajo (alfabetización, habilidades matemáticas o para aprender) | N / MPV | 21 | 48,8 |
| AV | 14 | 32,6 | ||
| CS / S | 8 | 18,6 | ||
| [Desarrollo de Destrezas Técnicas] Destrezas técnicas y profesionales (carpintería, zapatería, tejido, artesanía) | N / MPV | 21 | 48,8 | |
| AV | 10 | 23,3 | ||
| CS / S | 12 | 27,9 | ||
| [Desarrollo de Destrezas de emprendimiento] Destrezas para el emprendimiento (administración, planificación o trabajo con personas) | N / MPV | 24 | 55,8 | |
| AV | 11 | 25,6 | ||
| CS / S | 8 | 18,6 | ||
| [Desarrollo de Destrezas] Destrezas para la vida (trabajo en equipo, habilidades interpersonales, pensamiento creativo. | N / MPV | 14 | 32,6 | |
| AV | 12 | 27,9 | ||
| CS / S | 17 | 39,5 | ||
| [Trabajo por cuenta propia] Apoyo al desarrollo de actividades generadoras de ingresos por cuenta propia. | N / MPV | 20 | 46,5 | |
| AV | 11 | 25,6 | ||
| CS / S | 12 | 27,9 | ||
| [Trabajo Remunerado] Actividades para la superación y/o disminución de las barreras de ingreso al trabajo remunerado. | N / MPV | 22 | 51,2 | |
| AV | 13 | 30,2 | ||
| CS / S | 8 | 18,6 | ||
| [Protección Social, beneficios sociales] Promover el acceso a beneficios sociales entregados por el Estado u otras organizaciones. | N / MPV | 9 | 20,9 | |
| AV | 12 | 27,9 | ||
| CS / S | 22 | 51,2 | ||
| [Protección Social, redes de apoyo] Desarrollo de redes de apoyo social (grupos de autoayuda, organizaciones comunitarias, apoyo familiar). | N / MPV | 6 | 14,0 | |
| AV | 6 | 14,0 | ||
| CS / S | 31 | 72,1 |
N = nunca, MPV= muy pocas veces, AV= a veces, CS= Casi siempre, S= siempre, PcD = persona con discapacidad
Frecuencia de actividades realizadas componentes Social y Fortalecimiento. Centros Comunitarios de Rehabilitación, Región Metropolitana, Chile, 2016.
| RBC | Preguntas | Categoría | n | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social | [Asistencia Personal] Apoyar el acceso y administración de la asistencia personal no familiar necesaria para vivir con autodeterminación y dignidad | N / MPV | 12 | 27,9 |
| AV | 16 | 37,2 | ||
| CS / S | 15 | 34,9 | ||
| [Maternidad y Paternidad] Facilitar al acceso a servicios y programas para apoyar a PcD en su maternidad y paternidad | N / MPV | 28 | 65,1 | |
| AV | 7 | 16,3 | ||
| CS / S | 8 | 18,6 | ||
| [Relaciones, matrimonio y familia] Apoyo al desarrollo de relaciones satisfactorias con la familia. | N / MPV | 7 | 16,3 | |
| AV | 10 | 23,3 | ||
| CS / S | 26 | 60,5 | ||
| [Relaciones sociales] Incentivo y apoyo a PcD para que socialicen y desarrollen relaciones fuera del hogar. | N / MPV | 2 | 4,7 | |
| AV | 7 | 16,3 | ||
| CS / S | 34 | 79,1 | ||
| [Relaciones, matrimonio y familia] Sensibilizar sobre la discapacidad, prevenir violencia asociada y cambiar actitudes negativas tanto de familiares como de la comunidad. | N / MPV | 5 | 11,6 | |
| AV | 5 | 11,6 | ||
| CS / S | 33 | 76,7 | ||
| [Cultura y artes] Actividades que ayudan a desarrollar la identidad de las PcD | N / MPV | 7 | 16,3 | |
| AV | 6 | 14 | ||
| CS / S | 30 | 69,8 | ||
| [Cultura y artes] Desarrollar el sentido de pertenencia de PcD con su comunidad y territorio | N / MPV | 9 | 20,9 | |
| AV | 8 | 18,6 | ||
| CS / S | 26 | 60,5 | ||
| [Cultura y artes] Apoyar el acceso e inclusión de PcD a actividades culturales y artísticas | N / MPV | 11 | 25,6 | |
| AV | 9 | 20,9 | ||
| CS / S | 23 | 53,5 | ||
| [Recreación, ocio y deportes] Promover la participación de PcD en actividades de recreación y deportivas. | N / MPV | 5 | 11,6 | |
| AV | 12 | 27,9 | ||
| CS / S | 26 | 60,5 | ||
| [Justicia] Promover a PcD y familiares en el uso de apoyo comunitario y/o judicial cuando sus derechos son vulnerados. | N / MPV | 10 | 23,3 | |
| AV | 16 | 37,2 | ||
| CS / S | 17 | 39,5 | ||
| Fortalecimiento | [Defensa y Comunicación] Incentivar el uso de tecnologías o apoyo para asegurar la accesibilidad de información y comunicación. | N / MPV | 14 | 32,6 |
| AV | 17 | 39,5 | ||
| CS / S | 12 | 27,9 | ||
| [Defensa y representación] Apoyo a PcD y sus familias para que se representen a sí mismas en sus respectivas comunidades. | N / MPV | 12 | 27,9 | |
| AV | 18 | 41,9 | ||
| CS / S | 13 | 30,2 | ||
| [Movilización Comunal] Incentivar a la comunidad a mejorar la calidad de vida de las PcD y sus familias. | N / MPV | 8 | 18,6 | |
| AV | 9 | 20,9 | ||
| CS / S | 26 | 60,5 | ||
| [Participación Política] Promover la participación de las PcD en la política formal (toma de decisiones políticas y programas de desarrollo local o central) | N / MPV | 15 | 34,9 | |
| AV | 12 | 27,9 | ||
| CS / S | 16 | 37,2 | ||
| [Destrezas para la Participación Política] Apoyar a PcD y sus familias al acceso de información y desarrollo de destrezas que permitan participar en política | N / MPV | 22 | 51,2 | |
| AV | 12 | 27,9 | ||
| CS / S | 9 | 20,9 | ||
| [Grupos de Autoayuda] Incentivar grupos de autoayuda para realizar actividades y resolver problemas comunes. | N / MPV | 13 | 30,2 | |
| AV | 9 | 20,9 | ||
| CS / S | 21 | 48,8 | ||
| [Formación Organizaciones de PcD] Apoyar la formación de organizaciones de PcD | N / MPV | 11 | 25,6 | |
| AV | 9 | 20,9 | ||
| CS / S | 23 | 53,5 |
N = nunca, MPV= muy pocas veces, AV= a veces, CS= Casi siempre, S= siempre, PcD = persona con discapacidad’
Figura 2Índice de implementación por componente RBC.
MeG = Mediana Global.
Percepción del nivel de capacitación del equipo profesional en los componentes de la RBC. Centros Comunitarios de Rehabilitación, Región Metropolitana, Chile, 2016.
| Percepción del nivel global de capacitación | n | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| en salud | Muy Bajo | 1 | 2,3 |
| Bajo | 1 | 2,3 | |
| Medio | 13 | 30,2 | |
| Alto | 20 | 46,5 | |
| Muy alta | 8 | 18,6 | |
| en educación | Muy Bajo | 9 | 20,9 |
| Bajo | 18 | 41,9 | |
| Medio | 14 | 32,6 | |
| Alto | 2 | 4,7 | |
| Muy alta | 0 | 0,0 | |
| en subsistencia | Muy Bajo | 5 | 11,6 |
| Bajo | 7 | 16,3 | |
| Medio | 20 | 46,5 | |
| Alto | 8 | 18,6 | |
| Muy alta | 3 | 7,0 | |
| en componente social | Muy Bajo | 3 | 7,0 |
| Bajo | 11 | 25,6 | |
| Medio | 17 | 39,5 | |
| Alto | 8 | 18,6 | |
| Muy alta | 4 | 9,3 | |
| en fortalecimiento | Muy Bajo | 3 | 7,0 |
| Bajo | 11 | 25,6 | |
| Medio | 18 | 41,9 | |
| Alto | 5 | 11,6 | |
| Muy alta | 6 | 14,0 |
RBC = Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad