Marion Dehurtevent1, Lieven Robberecht2, Anthony Thuault3, Etienne Deveaux4, Anne Leriche5, Fabrice Petit6, Corentin Denis7, Jean-Christophe Hornez3, Pascal Béhin8. 1. Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Lille, Lille, France. Electronic address: marion.dehurtevent@univ-lille.fr. 2. Associate Professor, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1008 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Université de Lille, Lille, France. 3. Associate Professor, Laboratory of Ceramic Materials and Associated Processes, Université de Valenciennes, Maubeuge, France. 4. Professor, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1008 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Université de Lille, Lille, France. 5. Professor, Laboratory of Ceramic Materials and Associated Processes, Université Polytechnique des Hauts de France, Maubeuge, France. 6. Associate Professor, Belgian Ceramic Research Centre, Mons, Belgium. 7. Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Lille, Lille, France. 8. Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Lille, Lille, France.
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Stereolithography (SLA) ceramic crown frameworks are suitable for clinical use, but the impact of SLA build orientation has not been identified. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of 3 build orientations on the physical and mechanical properties and the microstructure of SLA alumina dental ceramics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The physical and mechanical properties and microstructures of 3 different oriented SLA alumina ceramics (ZX, ZY, and XY) were evaluated by visual observation, hydrostatic weighing (n=10/group), Weibull analyses (n=30/group), scanning electron microscopy, 3-point flexural strength (n=30/group), fracture toughness (indentation, single-edge-V-notched-beam) (n=4/group), and Vickers hardness (n=15/group) testing. The hydrostatic weighing, 3-point flexural strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness testing data were statistically analyzed (α=.05). RESULTS: The minimum resting period of slurries between the polymerization of 2 layers was shorter for the ZY- and ZX-oriented specimens and increased with the layer surface. The density and Vickers hardness of the SLA-manufactured specimens were similar for all groups (P>.05). The 95% confidence intervals of the Weibull moduli of the ZX- and ZY-oriented specimens were higher than that of the XY-oriented specimens, with no overlap fraction. The ZY-oriented specimens displayed significantly higher 3-point flexural strength (P<.05) and fracture toughness as evaluated by the single-edge-V-notched-beam method than the ZX-oriented specimens (P<.05). They also displayed significantly higher 3-point flexural strength than the XY-oriented specimens (P<.05). The microstructural analysis showed that the texturing was heterogeneous and that the major axis of the large grains of alumina ran parallel to the orientation of the layers. CONCLUSIONS: The ZY orientation produced a reliable dental ceramic by SLA, with the shortest general manufacturing time and the highest mechanical strength when the layers were perpendicular to the test load surface.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Stereolithography (SLA) ceramic crown frameworks are suitable for clinical use, but the impact of SLA build orientation has not been identified. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of 3 build orientations on the physical and mechanical properties and the microstructure of SLA alumina dental ceramics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The physical and mechanical properties and microstructures of 3 different oriented SLA alumina ceramics (ZX, ZY, and XY) were evaluated by visual observation, hydrostatic weighing (n=10/group), Weibull analyses (n=30/group), scanning electron microscopy, 3-point flexural strength (n=30/group), fracture toughness (indentation, single-edge-V-notched-beam) (n=4/group), and Vickers hardness (n=15/group) testing. The hydrostatic weighing, 3-point flexural strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness testing data were statistically analyzed (α=.05). RESULTS: The minimum resting period of slurries between the polymerization of 2 layers was shorter for the ZY- and ZX-oriented specimens and increased with the layer surface. The density and Vickers hardness of the SLA-manufactured specimens were similar for all groups (P>.05). The 95% confidence intervals of the Weibull moduli of the ZX- and ZY-oriented specimens were higher than that of the XY-oriented specimens, with no overlap fraction. The ZY-oriented specimens displayed significantly higher 3-point flexural strength (P<.05) and fracture toughness as evaluated by the single-edge-V-notched-beam method than the ZX-oriented specimens (P<.05). They also displayed significantly higher 3-point flexural strength than the XY-oriented specimens (P<.05). The microstructural analysis showed that the texturing was heterogeneous and that the major axis of the large grains of alumina ran parallel to the orientation of the layers. CONCLUSIONS: The ZY orientation produced a reliable dental ceramic by SLA, with the shortest general manufacturing time and the highest mechanical strength when the layers were perpendicular to the test load surface.