Gold nanocages with built-in artificial antibodies for label-free plasmonic biosensing.

We demonstrate that gold nanocages (AuNCs) with built-in artificial antibodies enable the detection of kidney injury biomarker from synthetic urine down to a concentration of 25 ng ml-1. Molecularly imprinted AuNCs exhibit excellent selectivity against numerous interfering urinary proteins and remarkable stability over a wide range of pH and specific gravity.