Gregory Phillips Ii1, Dylan Felt2, David J McCuskey2, Rachel Marro2, Jacob Broschart2, Michael E Newcomb2, Sarah W Whitton3. 1. Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States. Electronic address: Glp2@northwestern.edu. 2. Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States. 3. Psychology Department, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Research has documented higher levels of substance use among sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals - particularly sexual minority women (SMW) and transgender people - than among their heterosexual and cisgender peers. Because SGM substance use is linked to stigma-based victimization, it is crucial to identify social contexts that may buffer the association between victimization and substance use among SGM. METHODS: We explored how engagement with LGBTQ-specific community influences victimization experiences and substance use among 488 SGM individuals assigned female at birth (FAB-SGM; ages 16-32; 26% White) in a large Midwestern city. We tested whether participants who used LGBTQ community spaces differed from those who do not in levels of victimization and substance use, and whether use of LGBTQ spaces buffered SGM from the negative effects of victimization on substance use. RESULTS: Results demonstrated significant associations between victimization and alcohol and use of specific drugs. Contrary to expectations, participants who used LGBTQ spaces reported more victimization and more use of certain substances; however, when controlling for being out about non-heterosexual identity, this association remained only for LGBTQ community centers and school groups. Evidence was mixed for community engagement as a moderator of the association between victimization and substance use. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, results indicated that LGBTQ spaces may be associated with adaptive and maladaptive coping functions and should be considered a potential target for health interventions. Findings emphasize the need for increased research on FAB-SGM, including SMW and transgender individuals, and provide actionable recommendations to reduce incidence of victimization and substance use.
BACKGROUND: Research has documented higher levels of substance use among sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals - particularly sexual minority women (SMW) and transgender people - than among their heterosexual and cisgender peers. Because SGM substance use is linked to stigma-based victimization, it is crucial to identify social contexts that may buffer the association between victimization and substance use among SGM. METHODS: We explored how engagement with LGBTQ-specific community influences victimization experiences and substance use among 488 SGM individuals assigned female at birth (FAB-SGM; ages 16-32; 26% White) in a large Midwestern city. We tested whether participants who used LGBTQ community spaces differed from those who do not in levels of victimization and substance use, and whether use of LGBTQ spaces buffered SGM from the negative effects of victimization on substance use. RESULTS: Results demonstrated significant associations between victimization and alcohol and use of specific drugs. Contrary to expectations, participants who used LGBTQ spaces reported more victimization and more use of certain substances; however, when controlling for being out about non-heterosexual identity, this association remained only for LGBTQ community centers and school groups. Evidence was mixed for community engagement as a moderator of the association between victimization and substance use. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, results indicated that LGBTQ spaces may be associated with adaptive and maladaptive coping functions and should be considered a potential target for health interventions. Findings emphasize the need for increased research on FAB-SGM, including SMW and transgender individuals, and provide actionable recommendations to reduce incidence of victimization and substance use.
Authors: Michael P Marshal; Mark S Friedman; Ron Stall; Kevin M King; Jonathan Miles; Melanie A Gold; Oscar G Bukstein; Jennifer Q Morse Journal: Addiction Date: 2008-04 Impact factor: 6.526
Authors: Gregory Phillips; Blair Turner; Paul Salamanca; Michelle Birkett; Mark L Hatzenbuehler; Michael E Newcomb; Rachel Marro; Brian Mustanski Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2017-06-29 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Lisa A Eaton; Daniel D Driffin; Christopher Kegler; Harlan Smith; Christopher Conway-Washington; Denise White; Chauncey Cherry Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2015-02 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Elizabeth A McConnell; Patrick Janulis; Gregory Phillips; Roky Truong; Michelle Birkett Journal: Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers Date: 2018-03
Authors: Nicholas C Heck; Nicholas A Livingston; Annesa Flentje; Kathryn Oost; Brandon T Stewart; Bryan N Cochran Journal: Addict Behav Date: 2014-01-28 Impact factor: 3.913
Authors: Dylan Felt; Xinzi Wang; Megan M Ruprecht; Blair Turner; Lauren B Beach; Morgan Mari Philbin; Michelle Birkett; Gregory Phillips Ii Journal: LGBT Health Date: 2020-11-05 Impact factor: 4.151