Anni Lehtonen1, Lauri Uusitalo2,3, Seppo Auriola4, Katri Backman5,6, Seppo Heinonen7, Leea Keski-Nisula5,8, Markku Pasanen9, Juha Pekkanen10,11, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen1, Raimo Voutilainen5,6, Sari Hantunen1, Marko Lehtonen4. 1. Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 2. Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. lauriuus@uef.fi. 3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. lauriuus@uef.fi. 4. LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter, Kuopio, Finland. 5. Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 6. Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. 7. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 8. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. 9. School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 10. Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 11. Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
PURPOSE: High-maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy may be harmful for perinatal outcomes and future child health, but the level of fetal cumulative exposure has been difficult to measure thus far. Here, we present maternal dietary caffeine intake during the last trimester and its correlation to caffeine content in newborn hair after birth. METHODS: Maternal third trimester diets and dietary caffeine intake were prospectively collected in Kuopio Birth Cohort (KuBiCo) using a 160-item food frequency questionnaire (n = 2840). Newborn hair was collected within 48 h after birth and analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for caffeine (n = 316). Correlation between dietary caffeine intake and neonatal hair caffeine content was evaluated from 203 mother-child pairs. RESULTS: Mean dietary caffeine intake was 167 mg/days (95% CI 162-172 mg/days), of which coffee comprised 81%. Caffeine in the maternal diet and caffeine content in newborn hair correlated significantly (r = 0.50; p < 0.001). Older, multiparous, overweight women, and smokers had the highest caffeine levels in the maternal diet, as well as in their newborn babies' hair. CONCLUSION: Caffeine exposure, estimated from newborn hair samples, reflects maternal third trimester dietary caffeine intake and introduces a new method to assess fetal cumulative caffeine exposure. Further studies to evaluate the effects of caffeine exposure on both perinatal and postnatal outcomes are warranted, since over 40% of pregnant women consume caffeine more than the current suggested recommendations (European Food Safety Association, EFSA recommendations).
PURPOSE: High-maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy may be harmful for perinatal outcomes and future child health, but the level of fetal cumulative exposure has been difficult to measure thus far. Here, we present maternal dietary caffeine intake during the last trimester and its correlation to caffeine content in newborn hair after birth. METHODS: Maternal third trimester diets and dietary caffeine intake were prospectively collected in Kuopio Birth Cohort (KuBiCo) using a 160-item food frequency questionnaire (n = 2840). Newborn hair was collected within 48 h after birth and analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for caffeine (n = 316). Correlation between dietary caffeine intake and neonatal hair caffeine content was evaluated from 203 mother-child pairs. RESULTS: Mean dietary caffeine intake was 167 mg/days (95% CI 162-172 mg/days), of which coffee comprised 81%. Caffeine in the maternal diet and caffeine content in newborn hair correlated significantly (r = 0.50; p < 0.001). Older, multiparous, overweight women, and smokers had the highest caffeine levels in the maternal diet, as well as in their newborn babies' hair. CONCLUSION:Caffeine exposure, estimated from newborn hair samples, reflects maternal third trimester dietary caffeine intake and introduces a new method to assess fetal cumulative caffeine exposure. Further studies to evaluate the effects of caffeine exposure on both perinatal and postnatal outcomes are warranted, since over 40% of pregnant women consume caffeine more than the current suggested recommendations (European Food Safety Association, EFSA recommendations).
Entities:
Keywords:
Caffeine; Diet; Food safety; Hair; Mass spectrometry; Newborn; Pregnancy
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