Jia-Yu Duan1, Guang-Cai Duan2, Chong-Jian Wang2, Dong-Wei Liu1, Ying-Jin Qiao1, Shao-Kang Pan1, Deng-Ke Jiang1, Yong Liu1, Zi-Hao Zhao1, Lu-Lu Liang1, Fei Tian1, Zhang-Suo Liu3. 1. Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Jianshe Road No.1, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China. 3. Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Jianshe Road No.1, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China. zhangsuoliu@zzu.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate and update the current prevalence of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in a central Chinese urban population. METHODS: From December 2017 to June 2018, a total of 5231 subjects were randomly enrolled from 3 communities in 3 districts of Zhengzhou. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min.1.73m2 or urinary albumin to creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g (albuminuria). Diabetic subjects with systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg, albuminuria or an eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were classified as having DKD. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing lifestyle and relevant medical history, and blood and urine specimens were taken. Serum creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and urinary albumin were assessed. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalences of CKD and DKD were calculated, and risk factors associated with the presence of reduced eGFR, albuminuria, DKD, severity of albuminuria and progression of reduced renal function were analyzed by binary and ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS: The overall adjusted prevalence of CKD was 16.8% (15.8-17.8%) and that of DKD was 3.5% (3.0-4.0%). Decreased renal function was detected in 132 participants (2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5-3.2%), whereas albuminuria was found in 858 participants (14.9, 95% CI: 13.9-15.9%). In all participants with diabetes, the prevalence of reduced eGFR was 6.3% (95% CI = 3.9-8.6%) and that of albuminuria was 45.3% (95% CI = 40.4-50.1%). The overall prevalence of CKD in participants with diabetes was 48.0% (95% CI = 43.1-52.9%). The results of the binary and ordinal logistic regression indicated that the factors independently associated with a higher risk of reduced eGFR and albuminuria were older age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows the current prevalence of CKD and DKD in residents of Central China. The high prevalence suggests an urgent need to implement interventions to relieve the high burden of CKD and DKD in China.
BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate and update the current prevalence of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in a central Chinese urban population. METHODS: From December 2017 to June 2018, a total of 5231 subjects were randomly enrolled from 3 communities in 3 districts of Zhengzhou. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min.1.73m2 or urinary albumin to creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g (albuminuria). Diabetic subjects with systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg, albuminuria or an eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were classified as having DKD. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing lifestyle and relevant medical history, and blood and urine specimens were taken. Serum creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and urinary albumin were assessed. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalences of CKD and DKD were calculated, and risk factors associated with the presence of reduced eGFR, albuminuria, DKD, severity of albuminuria and progression of reduced renal function were analyzed by binary and ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS: The overall adjusted prevalence of CKD was 16.8% (15.8-17.8%) and that of DKD was 3.5% (3.0-4.0%). Decreased renal function was detected in 132 participants (2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5-3.2%), whereas albuminuria was found in 858 participants (14.9, 95% CI: 13.9-15.9%). In all participants with diabetes, the prevalence of reduced eGFR was 6.3% (95% CI = 3.9-8.6%) and that of albuminuria was 45.3% (95% CI = 40.4-50.1%). The overall prevalence of CKD in participants with diabetes was 48.0% (95% CI = 43.1-52.9%). The results of the binary and ordinal logistic regression indicated that the factors independently associated with a higher risk of reduced eGFR and albuminuria were older age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows the current prevalence of CKD and DKD in residents of Central China. The high prevalence suggests an urgent need to implement interventions to relieve the high burden of CKD and DKD in China.
Authors: Ibrahim Y Hachim; Mahmood Y Hachim; Kashif Bin Naeem; Haifa Hannawi; Issa Al Salmi; Ibrahim Al-Zakwani; Suad Hannawi Journal: Oman Med J Date: 2021-02-07
Authors: Magdalena Maria Stefanowicz-Rutkowska; Wojciech Matuszewski; Katarzyna Gontarz-Nowak; Elżbieta Maria Bandurska-Stankiewicz Journal: Open Life Sci Date: 2021-06-21 Impact factor: 0.938