| Literature DB >> 32238927 |
Mark A Hindell1,2, Ryan R Reisinger3,4,5, Yan Ropert-Coudert3, Luis A Hückstädt6, Philip N Trathan7, Horst Bornemann8, Jean-Benoît Charrassin5, Steven L Chown9, Daniel P Costa6, Bruno Danis10, Mary-Anne Lea11,12, David Thompson13, Leigh G Torres14, Anton P Van de Putte15,16, Rachael Alderman17, Virginia Andrews-Goff11,18, Ben Arthur11, Grant Ballard19, John Bengtson20, Marthán N Bester21, Arnoldus Schytte Blix22, Lars Boehme23, Charles-André Bost3, Peter Boveng20, Jaimie Cleeland11, Rochelle Constantine24, Stuart Corney11, Robert J M Crawford25, Luciano Dalla Rosa26, P J Nico de Bruyn21, Karine Delord3, Sébastien Descamps27, Mike Double18, Louise Emmerson18, Mike Fedak23, Ari Friedlaender6,28, Nick Gales18, Michael E Goebel28, Kimberly T Goetz13, Christophe Guinet3, Simon D Goldsworthy29, Rob Harcourt30, Jefferson T Hinke31, Kerstin Jerosch8, Akiko Kato3, Knowles R Kerry18, Roger Kirkwood18, Gerald L Kooyman32, Kit M Kovacs27, Kieran Lawton18, Andrew D Lowther27, Christian Lydersen27, Phil O'B Lyver33, Azwianewi B Makhado25, Maria E I Márquez34, Birgitte I McDonald35, Clive R McMahon11,30,36, Monica Muelbert11,26, Dominik Nachtsheim8,37, Keith W Nicholls7, Erling S Nordøy22, Silvia Olmastroni38,39, Richard A Phillips7, Pierre Pistorius40, Joachim Plötz8, Klemens Pütz41, Norman Ratcliffe7, Peter G Ryan42, Mercedes Santos34, Colin Southwell18, Iain Staniland7, Akinori Takahashi43, Arnaud Tarroux27,44, Wayne Trivelpiece31, Ewan Wakefield45, Henri Weimerskirch3, Barbara Wienecke18, José C Xavier7,46, Simon Wotherspoon11,18, Ian D Jonsen30, Ben Raymond11,12,18.
Abstract
Southern Ocean ecosystems are under pressure from resource exploitation and climate change1,2. Mitigation requires the identification and protection of Areas of Ecological Significance (AESs), which have so far not been determined at the ocean-basin scale. Here, using assemblage-level tracking of marine predators, we identify AESs for this globally important region and assess current threats and protection levels. Integration of more than 4,000 tracks from 17 bird and mammal species reveals AESs around sub-Antarctic islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and over the Antarctic continental shelf. Fishing pressure is disproportionately concentrated inside AESs, and climate change over the next century is predicted to impose pressure on these areas, particularly around the Antarctic continent. At present, 7.1% of the ocean south of 40°S is under formal protection, including 29% of the total AESs. The establishment and regular revision of networks of protection that encompass AESs are needed to provide long-term mitigation of growing pressures on Southern Ocean ecosystems.Entities:
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Year: 2020 PMID： 32238927 DOI： 10.1038/s41586-020-2126-y
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Nature ISSN： 0028-0836 Impact factor: 49.962