María Medrano1, Lide Arenaza1, Jairo H Migueles2, Beatriz Rodríguez-Vigil3, Jonatan R Ruiz2,4, Idoia Labayen1. 1. Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. 2. PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. 3. Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Osatek, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain. 4. Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disease in childhood and is related to insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors. Evidence supporting the association of fitness and physical activity with hepatic fat, liver enzymes, or triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio is scarce in children. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the associations of physical fitness and physical activity (PA) with percentage hepatic fat, liver enzymes, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk in children with overweight/obesity. SUBJECTS: A total of 115 children (10.6 ± 1.1 years; 54% girls) with overweight/obesity of the EFIGRO study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02258126) were included in the analyses. METHODS: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), musculoskeletal fitness and speed-agility were measured by the Alpha-fitness tests, and PA by wGT3X-BT accelerometers. Percentage hepatic fat was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), insulin, glucose, triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were obtained from fasting blood samples. The homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and AST/ALT and TG/HDL ratios were calculated. RESULTS: Higher CRF was associated with lower percentage hepatic fat (β = -0.266, P = .01) and GGT (β = -0.315, P < .01), and higher AST/ALT ratio (β = 0.306, P < .01). CRF-fit children have lower GGT levels (15 ± 1 vs 17 ± 1 U/L, CRF-fit vs CRF-unfit children, P = .02), HOMA-IR (2.2 ± 0.1 vs 2.9 ± 0.1, P < .01) and TG/HDL ratio (1.4 ± 0.1 vs 1.9 ± 0.1, P = .01) and higher AST/ALT ratio (1.3 ± 0.0 vs 1.2 ± 0.0, P = .03), than CRF-unfit children. CONCLUSIONS: These findings emphasize the importance of considering the improvement of CRF as a target of programs for preventing hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in children with overweight.
BACKGROUND:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disease in childhood and is related to insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors. Evidence supporting the association of fitness and physical activity with hepatic fat, liver enzymes, or triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio is scarce in children. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the associations of physical fitness and physical activity (PA) with percentage hepatic fat, liver enzymes, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk in children with overweight/obesity. SUBJECTS: A total of 115 children (10.6 ± 1.1 years; 54% girls) with overweight/obesity of the EFIGRO study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02258126) were included in the analyses. METHODS:Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), musculoskeletal fitness and speed-agility were measured by the Alpha-fitness tests, and PA by wGT3X-BT accelerometers. Percentage hepatic fat was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), insulin, glucose, triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were obtained from fasting blood samples. The homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and AST/ALT and TG/HDL ratios were calculated. RESULTS: Higher CRF was associated with lower percentage hepatic fat (β = -0.266, P = .01) and GGT (β = -0.315, P < .01), and higher AST/ALT ratio (β = 0.306, P < .01). CRF-fit children have lower GGT levels (15 ± 1 vs 17 ± 1 U/L, CRF-fit vs CRF-unfit children, P = .02), HOMA-IR (2.2 ± 0.1 vs 2.9 ± 0.1, P < .01) and TG/HDL ratio (1.4 ± 0.1 vs 1.9 ± 0.1, P = .01) and higher AST/ALT ratio (1.3 ± 0.0 vs 1.2 ± 0.0, P = .03), than CRF-unfit children. CONCLUSIONS: These findings emphasize the importance of considering the improvement of CRF as a target of programs for preventing hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in children with overweight.
Authors: Valérie Julian; Peter Bergsten; Gael Ennequin; Anders Forslund; Hakan Ahlstrom; Iris Ciba; Marie Dahlbom; Dieter Furthner; Julian Gomahr; Joel Kullberg; Katharina Maruszczak; Katharina Morwald; Roger Olsson; Thomas Pixner; Anna Schneider; Bruno Pereira; Suzanne Ring-Dimitriou; David Thivel; Daniel Weghuber Journal: Eur J Pediatr Date: 2022-06-30 Impact factor: 3.860
Authors: Annika Fraemke; Nina Ferrari; David Friesen; Fabiola Haas; Marlen Klaudius; Esther Mahabir; Lisa Schmidt; Christine Joisten Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-02-20 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Saara Laine; Tanja Sjöros; Henri Vähä-Ypyä; Taru Garthwaite; Eliisa Löyttyniemi; Harri Sievänen; Tommi Vasankari; Juhani Knuuti; Ilkka H A Heinonen Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Date: 2021-04-20 Impact factor: 5.555
Authors: Catalina M Mascaró; Cristina Bouzas; Sofia Montemayor; Miguel Casares; Cristina Gómez; Lucía Ugarriza; Pere-Antoni Borràs; José Alfredo Martínez; Josep A Tur Journal: Nutrients Date: 2022-03-03 Impact factor: 5.717