Emily J MacKay1, Mark D Neuman2, Lee A Fleisher3, Prakash A Patel4, Jacob T Gutsche3, John G Augoustides3, Nimesh D Desai5, Peter W Groeneveld6. 1. Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn's Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality and Evaluative Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn Center for Perioperative Outcomes Research and Transformation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: emily.mackay@pennmedicine.upenn.edu. 2. Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn Center for Perioperative Outcomes Research and Transformation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 3. Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 4. Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn Center for Perioperative Outcomes Research and Transformation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 5. Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn's Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality and Evaluative Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 6. Department of Internal Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn's Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality and Evaluative Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite recommendations regarding the use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), there is no randomized evidence to support its use in cardiac valve surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing open cardiac valve repair or replacement surgery with and without transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring. The hypothesis was that transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring would be associated with lower 30-day mortality and shorter length of hospitalization. METHODS: In this observational retrospective cohort study, Medicare claims were used to test the association between perioperative TEE and 30-day all-cause mortality and length of hospitalization among patients undergoing open cardiac valve repair or replacement surgery between January 1, 2010, and October 1, 2015. Baseline characteristics were defined by inpatient and outpatient claims. Medicare death records were used to ascertain 30-day mortality. Statistical analyses included regression models and propensity score matching. RESULTS: A total of 219,238 patients underwent open cardiac valve surgery, of whom 85% underwent TEE. Patients who underwent TEE were significantly older and had greater comorbidities. After adjusting for patient demographics, clinical comorbidities, surgical characteristics, and hospital factors, including annual surgical volume, the TEE group had a lower adjusted odds of 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.82; P < .001), with no difference in length of hospitalization (<0.01%; 95% CI, -0.61% to 0.62%; P = .99). Results were similar across all analyses, including a propensity score-matched cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring in cardiac valve repair or replacement surgery was associated with lower 30-day risk-adjusted mortality, without a significant increase in length of hospitalization. These findings support the use of TEE as routine practice in open cardiac valve repair or replacement surgery.
BACKGROUND: Despite recommendations regarding the use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), there is no randomized evidence to support its use in cardiac valve surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing open cardiac valve repair or replacement surgery with and without transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring. The hypothesis was that transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring would be associated with lower 30-day mortality and shorter length of hospitalization. METHODS: In this observational retrospective cohort study, Medicare claims were used to test the association between perioperative TEE and 30-day all-cause mortality and length of hospitalization among patients undergoing open cardiac valve repair or replacement surgery between January 1, 2010, and October 1, 2015. Baseline characteristics were defined by inpatient and outpatient claims. Medicare death records were used to ascertain 30-day mortality. Statistical analyses included regression models and propensity score matching. RESULTS: A total of 219,238 patients underwent open cardiac valve surgery, of whom 85% underwent TEE. Patients who underwent TEE were significantly older and had greater comorbidities. After adjusting for patient demographics, clinical comorbidities, surgical characteristics, and hospital factors, including annual surgical volume, the TEE group had a lower adjusted odds of 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.82; P < .001), with no difference in length of hospitalization (<0.01%; 95% CI, -0.61% to 0.62%; P = .99). Results were similar across all analyses, including a propensity score-matched cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring in cardiac valve repair or replacement surgery was associated with lower 30-day risk-adjusted mortality, without a significant increase in length of hospitalization. These findings support the use of TEE as routine practice in open cardiac valve repair or replacement surgery.
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