Femke Nawijn1, Ritsaart F Westenberg1, Chris G Langhammer1, Neal C Chen1, Kyle R Eberlin1. 1. From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Massachusetts General Hospital; and the Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the factors associated with primary and secondary amputation in patients with limb-threatening trauma to the upper extremity, describe the incidence of these injuries, and describe the procedures involved in the treatment of these difficult injuries. METHODS: A retrospective study of 49 cases (in 47 patients) with acute limb-threatening trauma of the upper extremity proximal to the carpometacarpal joint level treated with either amputation or limb salvage was performed in two urban level I trauma centers between January of 2001 and January of 2018. RESULTS: Bivariate analysis demonstrated that cases of primary amputation more frequently had a higher Injury Severity Score, higher Abbreviated Injury Scale score, more proximal fractures, more severe muscle injuries, and a larger number of major nerve injuries. Secondary amputation, compared with limb salvage, was more frequently performed in patients who were younger, in cases with a higher Injury Severity Score, where there was more proximal soft-tissue injury, in case of nonsharp mechanism of injury, and in cases that required local flap procedures for wound closure. The authors found a yearly incidence of 62 cases of acute limb-threatening upper extremity trauma per 100,000 trauma admissions. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple factors influence the surgical decision to perform primary amputation or to attempt a salvage procedure following limb-threatening upper extremity trauma. Knowing which patients will have the most favorable outcomes of a salvage procedure is important, because salvage procedures impose a greater burden on the health care system and the patient, even more so in the case of secondary amputation. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, III.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the factors associated with primary and secondary amputation in patients with limb-threatening trauma to the upper extremity, describe the incidence of these injuries, and describe the procedures involved in the treatment of these difficult injuries. METHODS: A retrospective study of 49 cases (in 47 patients) with acute limb-threatening trauma of the upper extremity proximal to the carpometacarpal joint level treated with either amputation or limb salvage was performed in two urban level I trauma centers between January of 2001 and January of 2018. RESULTS: Bivariate analysis demonstrated that cases of primary amputation more frequently had a higher Injury Severity Score, higher Abbreviated Injury Scale score, more proximal fractures, more severe muscle injuries, and a larger number of major nerve injuries. Secondary amputation, compared with limb salvage, was more frequently performed in patients who were younger, in cases with a higher Injury Severity Score, where there was more proximal soft-tissue injury, in case of nonsharp mechanism of injury, and in cases that required local flap procedures for wound closure. The authors found a yearly incidence of 62 cases of acute limb-threatening upper extremity trauma per 100,000 trauma admissions. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple factors influence the surgical decision to perform primary amputation or to attempt a salvage procedure following limb-threatening upper extremity trauma. Knowing which patients will have the most favorable outcomes of a salvage procedure is important, because salvage procedures impose a greater burden on the health care system and the patient, even more so in the case of secondary amputation. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, III.