Louis Simoen1, Linda Van den Berghe2, Wolfgang Jacquet3,4, Luc Marks5. 1. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre of Special Care in Dentistry, Unit Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders, Oral Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, P8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. louis.simoen@ugent.be. 2. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre of Special Care in Dentistry, Unit Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders, Oral Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, P8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. 3. Department of Oral Health Sciences ORHE, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. 4. Department of Educational Science EDWE-LOCI, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium. 5. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre of Special Care in Dentistry, Oral Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital , Corneel Heymanslaan 10, P8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare levels of depression and anxiety of a group of patients with orofacial pain attributed to a temporomandibular disorder (TMD) to the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diagnosis of orofacial pain attributed to a TMD was given according the DC/TMD classification system. PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires were used to respectively screen for depression and anxiety. Scores of these two questionnaires in the study group were compared to the scores of two large population samples representing normative data in the general population. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-three patients (191 females and 52 males) were included in the study. Both Kolmogorov-Smirnov and chi-square testing showed statistically significant higher scores (p ≤ 0.05) for both PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in the study group in comparison with the general population and PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were strongly correlated. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that screening for depression and anxiety should be considered in the diagnosis of patients with orofacial pain attributed to a TMD. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: PHQ-9 and GAD-7 could be used to assist clinicians, without specific training in mental health, to screen for potential signs of existing comorbidity of depression or anxiety disorders in patients with orofacial pain attributed to TMD.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare levels of depression and anxiety of a group of patients with orofacial pain attributed to a temporomandibular disorder (TMD) to the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diagnosis of orofacial pain attributed to a TMD was given according the DC/TMD classification system. PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires were used to respectively screen for depression and anxiety. Scores of these two questionnaires in the study group were compared to the scores of two large population samples representing normative data in the general population. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-three patients (191 females and 52 males) were included in the study. Both Kolmogorov-Smirnov and chi-square testing showed statistically significant higher scores (p ≤ 0.05) for both PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in the study group in comparison with the general population and PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were strongly correlated. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that screening for depression and anxiety should be considered in the diagnosis of patients with orofacial pain attributed to a TMD. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: PHQ-9 and GAD-7 could be used to assist clinicians, without specific training in mental health, to screen for potential signs of existing comorbidity of depression or anxiety disorders in patients with orofacial pain attributed to TMD.
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