Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen1, Lis Alban2, Johanne Ellis-Iversen3, Koen Mintiens4, Marianne Sandberg5. 1. Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. Electronic address: liza@sund.ku.dk. 2. Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department for Food Safety, Veterinary Issues and Risk Analysis, Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Copenhagen, Denmark. 3. National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark. 4. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. 5. Department for Food Safety, Veterinary Issues and Risk Analysis, Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Integrated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance programmes require regular evaluation to ensure they are fit for purpose and that all actors understand their responsibilities. This will strengthen their relevance for the clinical setting, which depends heavily on continued access to effective treatment options. Several evaluation tools addressing different surveillance aspects are available. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to understand the strengths and weaknesses of three evaluation tools, and to improve guidance on how to choose a fit-for-purpose tool. SOURCES: Three tools were assessed: (a) AMR-PMP-the Progressive Management Pathway tool on AMR developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, (b) NEOH developed by the EU COST Action 'Network for Evaluation of One Health' and (c) SURVTOOLS developed in an FP7-EU project 'RISKSUR'. Each tool was assessed with regard to contents, required evaluation processes including stakeholder engagement and resource demands, integration coverage across relevant sectors and applicability. They were compared using a predefined scoring scheme and a strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats (SWOT)-like format for commenting. CONTENT: All three tools address multiple decision-making levels and aspects of stakeholder engagement. NEOH focuses on system features, learning, sharing, leadership and infrastructure, and requires a description of the underlying system in which AMR develops. AMR-PMP focuses on four areas: awareness, evidence, governance and practices and assesses the implementation degree of pre-chosen aspects within these areas. This requires less of the evaluator, but warrants participation of multiple stakeholders. SURVTOOL provides information and references on how to evaluate effectiveness, process and comprehensiveness of surveillance programmes. All three tools require veterinary epidemiology expertise and varying levels of evaluation methodology training to use appropriately. IMPLICATIONS: The tools covered AMR surveillance and One Health aspects to varying degrees. This study provides guidance on aspects to consider when choosing between available tools and embarking on an evaluation of integrated surveillance.
BACKGROUND: Integrated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance programmes require regular evaluation to ensure they are fit for purpose and that all actors understand their responsibilities. This will strengthen their relevance for the clinical setting, which depends heavily on continued access to effective treatment options. Several evaluation tools addressing different surveillance aspects are available. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to understand the strengths and weaknesses of three evaluation tools, and to improve guidance on how to choose a fit-for-purpose tool. SOURCES: Three tools were assessed: (a) AMR-PMP-the Progressive Management Pathway tool on AMR developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, (b) NEOH developed by the EU COST Action 'Network for Evaluation of One Health' and (c) SURVTOOLS developed in an FP7-EU project 'RISKSUR'. Each tool was assessed with regard to contents, required evaluation processes including stakeholder engagement and resource demands, integration coverage across relevant sectors and applicability. They were compared using a predefined scoring scheme and a strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats (SWOT)-like format for commenting. CONTENT: All three tools address multiple decision-making levels and aspects of stakeholder engagement. NEOH focuses on system features, learning, sharing, leadership and infrastructure, and requires a description of the underlying system in which AMR develops. AMR-PMP focuses on four areas: awareness, evidence, governance and practices and assesses the implementation degree of pre-chosen aspects within these areas. This requires less of the evaluator, but warrants participation of multiple stakeholders. SURVTOOL provides information and references on how to evaluate effectiveness, process and comprehensiveness of surveillance programmes. All three tools require veterinary epidemiology expertise and varying levels of evaluation methodology training to use appropriately. IMPLICATIONS: The tools covered AMR surveillance and One Health aspects to varying degrees. This study provides guidance on aspects to consider when choosing between available tools and embarking on an evaluation of integrated surveillance.
Authors: Cherry Lim; Elizabeth A Ashley; Raph L Hamers; Paul Turner; Thomas Kesteman; Samuel Akech; Alejandra Corso; Mayfong Mayxay; Iruka N Okeke; Direk Limmathurotsakul; H Rogier van Doorn Journal: Clin Microbiol Infect Date: 2021-06-07 Impact factor: 13.310
Authors: Cécile Aenishaenslin; Barbara Häsler; André Ravel; E Jane Parmley; Sarah Mediouni; Houda Bennani; Katharina D C Stärk; David L Buckeridge Journal: Front Vet Sci Date: 2021-03-24