Renee Kleine Deters1, Jilly Naaijen2, Mireia Rosa3, Pascal M Aggensteiner4, Tobias Banaschewski4, Melanie C Saam5, Ulrike M E Schulze5,6, Arjun Sethi7, Michael C Craig7, Ilyas Sagar-Ouriaghli8, Paramala Santosh8,9, Josefina Castro-Fornieles10, María J Penzol11, Celso Arango11, Julia E Werhahn12, Daniel Brandeis4,12, Barbara Franke13,14, Jeffrey Glennon2, Jan K Buitelaar2,15, Pieter J Hoekstra1, Andrea Dietrich1. 1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 2. Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Clínic Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. 4. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. 5. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. 6. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatry, Calw, Germany. 7. Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. 8. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. 9. Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases (CIPPRD), National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK. 10. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Clínic Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 2017SGR881, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. 11. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain. 12. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 13. Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 14. Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 15. Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Abstract
Objectives: Executive functioning and emotion recognition may be impaired in disruptive youth, yet findings in oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) are inconsistent. We examined these functions related to ODD and CD, accounting for comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and internalising symptoms. Methods: We compared executive functioning (visual working memory, visual attention, inhibitory control) and emotion recognition between youth (8-18 years old, 123 boys, 55 girls) with ODD (n = 44) or CD (with/without ODD, n = 48), and healthy controls (n = 86). We also related ODD, CD, and ADHD symptom counts and internalising symptomatology to all outcome measures, as well as executive functioning to emotion recognition. Results: Visual working memory and inhibitory control were impaired in the ODD and CD groups versus healthy controls. Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness recognition were impaired in the CD group; only anger recognition was impaired in the ODD group. Deficits were not explained by comorbid ADHD or internalising symptoms. Visual working memory was associated with recognition of all basic emotions.Conclusions: Our findings challenge the view that neuropsychological impairments in youth with ODD/CD are driven by comorbid ADHD and suggest possible distinct neurocognitive mechanisms in CD versus ODD.
Objectives: Executive functioning and emotion recognition may be impaired in disruptive youth, yet findings in oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) are inconsistent. We examined these functions related to ODD and CD, accounting for comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and internalising symptoms. Methods: We compared executive functioning (visual working memory, visual attention, inhibitory control) and emotion recognition between youth (8-18 years old, 123 boys, 55 girls) with ODD (n = 44) or CD (with/without ODD, n = 48), and healthy controls (n = 86). We also related ODD, CD, and ADHD symptom counts and internalising symptomatology to all outcome measures, as well as executive functioning to emotion recognition. Results:Visual working memory and inhibitory control were impaired in the ODD and CD groups versus healthy controls. Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness recognition were impaired in the CD group; only anger recognition was impaired in the ODD group. Deficits were not explained by comorbid ADHD or internalising symptoms. Visual working memory was associated with recognition of all basic emotions.Conclusions: Our findings challenge the view that neuropsychological impairments in youth with ODD/CD are driven by comorbid ADHD and suggest possible distinct neurocognitive mechanisms in CD versus ODD.
Authors: Renee Kleine Deters; Jilly Naaijen; Nathalie E Holz; Tobias Banaschewski; Ulrike M E Schulze; Arjun Sethi; Michael C Craig; Ilyas Sagar-Ouriaghli; Paramala Santosh; Mireia Rosa; Josefina Castro-Fornieles; María José Penzol; Celso Arango; Daniel Brandeis; Barbara Franke; Jeffrey C Glennon; Jan K Buitelaar; Pieter J Hoekstra; Andrea Dietrich Journal: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2022-09-20 Impact factor: 5.349
Authors: Lourdes Ezpeleta; Eva Penelo; J Blas Navarro; Núria de la Osa; Esther Trepat; Lars Wichstrøm Journal: Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol Date: 2022-03-15