Tiago A F Almeida1,2,3, Dalton M Pessôa Filho4, Mário A C Espada5,6, Joana F Reis7,8,9, Astor R Simionato4, Leandro O C Siqueira4, Francisco B Alves7,8. 1. CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. tiagofalmeida.w@gmail.com. 2. Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. tiagofalmeida.w@gmail.com. 3. Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP) at Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. tiagofalmeida.w@gmail.com. 4. Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP) at Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. 5. Department of Science and Technology, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal. 6. Life Quality Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Santarém, Portugal. 7. CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. 8. Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. 9. Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study aims to analyze swimmers' oxygen uptake kinetics ([Formula: see text]K) and bioenergetic profiles in 50, 100, and 200 m simulated swimming events and determine which physiological variables relate with performance. METHODS: Twenty-eight well-trained swimmers completed an incremental test for maximal oxygen uptake (Peak-[Formula: see text]) and maximal aerobic velocity (MAV) assessment. Maximal trials (MT) of 50, 100, and 200-m in front crawl swimming were performed for [Formula: see text]K and bioenergetic profile. [Formula: see text]K parameters were calculated through monoexponential modeling and by a new growth rate method. The recovery phase was used along with the blood lactate concentration for bioenergetics profiling. RESULTS: Peak-[Formula: see text] (57.47 ± 5.7 ml kg-1 min-1 for male and 53.53 ± 4.21 ml kg-1 min-1 for female) did not differ from [Formula: see text]peak attained at the 200-MT for female and at the 100 and 200-MT for male. From the 50-MT to 100-MT and to the 200-MT the [Formula: see text]K presented slower time constants (8.6 ± 2.3 s, 11.5 ± 2.4 s and 16.7 ± 5.5 s, respectively), the aerobic contribution increased (~ 34%, 54% and 71%, respectively) and the anaerobic decreased (~ 66%, 46% and 29%, respectively), presenting a cross-over in the 100-MT. Both energy systems, MAV, Peak-[Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] peak of the MT's were correlated with swimming performance. DISCUSSION: The aerobic energy contribution is an important factor for performance in 50, 100, and 200-m, regardless of the time taken to adjust the absolute oxidative response, when considering the effect on a mixed-group regarding sex. [Formula: see text]K speeding could be explained by a faster initial pacing strategy used in the shorter distances, that contributed for a more rapid increase of the oxidative contribution to the energy turnover.
PURPOSE: This study aims to analyze swimmers' oxygen uptake kinetics ([Formula: see text]K) and bioenergetic profiles in 50, 100, and 200 m simulated swimming events and determine which physiological variables relate with performance. METHODS: Twenty-eight well-trained swimmers completed an incremental test for maximal oxygen uptake (Peak-[Formula: see text]) and maximal aerobic velocity (MAV) assessment. Maximal trials (MT) of 50, 100, and 200-m in front crawl swimming were performed for [Formula: see text]K and bioenergetic profile. [Formula: see text]K parameters were calculated through monoexponential modeling and by a new growth rate method. The recovery phase was used along with the blood lactate concentration for bioenergetics profiling. RESULTS: Peak-[Formula: see text] (57.47 ± 5.7 ml kg-1 min-1 for male and 53.53 ± 4.21 ml kg-1 min-1 for female) did not differ from [Formula: see text]peak attained at the 200-MT for female and at the 100 and 200-MT for male. From the 50-MT to 100-MT and to the 200-MT the [Formula: see text]K presented slower time constants (8.6 ± 2.3 s, 11.5 ± 2.4 s and 16.7 ± 5.5 s, respectively), the aerobic contribution increased (~ 34%, 54% and 71%, respectively) and the anaerobic decreased (~ 66%, 46% and 29%, respectively), presenting a cross-over in the 100-MT. Both energy systems, MAV, Peak-[Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] peak of the MT's were correlated with swimming performance. DISCUSSION: The aerobic energy contribution is an important factor for performance in 50, 100, and 200-m, regardless of the time taken to adjust the absolute oxidative response, when considering the effect on a mixed-group regarding sex. [Formula: see text]K speeding could be explained by a faster initial pacing strategy used in the shorter distances, that contributed for a more rapid increase of the oxidative contribution to the energy turnover.
Entities:
Keywords:
Energy system contribution; Maximal trials; Oxygen uptake kinetics; Rate of adjustment of; Swimming
Authors: Danilo A Massini; Tiago A F Almeida; Camila M T Vasconcelos; Anderson G Macedo; Mário A C Espada; Joana F Reis; Francisco J B Alves; Ricardo J P Fernandes; Dalton M Pessôa Filho Journal: Front Physiol Date: 2021-12-14 Impact factor: 4.566
Authors: Tiago A F Almeida; Danilo A Massini; Osvaldo T Silva Júnior; Rubens Venditti Júnior; Mário A C Espada; Anderson G Macedo; Joana F Reis; Francisco B Alves; Dalton M Pessôa Filho Journal: Front Physiol Date: 2022-09-30 Impact factor: 4.755