Hossein Bagheri1, Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh2, Maryam Derakhshan3, Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran4,5, Faezeh Ghasemi6, Shabnam Mousavi7, Rouhollah Rafiei7, Kazem Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi8, Hamid Reza Mirzaei9, Hamed Mirzaei10. 1. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. 2. Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran. 3. Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 4. Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 5. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 6. Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran. 7. Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran. 8. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. 9. Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. h-mirzaei@tums.ac.ir. 10. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran. h.mirzaei2002@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Melanoma is a malignancy that stems from melanocytes and is defined as the most dangerous skin malignancy in terms of metastasis and mortality rates. CXC motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), also known as interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (IP-10), is a small cytokine-like protein secreted by a wide variety of cell types. CXCL10 is a ligand of the CXC chemokine receptor-3 (CXCR3) and is predominantly expressed by T helper cells (Th cells), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells (NKs), as well as some epithelial and cancer cells. Similar to other chemokines, CXCL10 plays a role in immunomodulation, inflammation, hematopoiesis, chemotaxis and leukocyte trafficking. CONCLUSIONS: Recent studies indicate that the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis may act as a double-edged sword in terms of pro- and anti-cancer activities in a variety of tissues and cells, especially in melanoma cells and their microenvironments. Most of these activities arise from the CXCR3 splice variants CXCR3-A, CXCR3-B and CXCR3-Alt. In this review, we discuss the pro- and anti-cancer properties of CXCL10 in various types of tissues and cells, particularly melanoma cells, including its potential as a therapeutic target.
BACKGROUND:Melanoma is a malignancy that stems from melanocytes and is defined as the most dangerous skin malignancy in terms of metastasis and mortality rates. CXC motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), also known as interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (IP-10), is a small cytokine-like protein secreted by a wide variety of cell types. CXCL10 is a ligand of the CXC chemokine receptor-3 (CXCR3) and is predominantly expressed by T helper cells (Th cells), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells (NKs), as well as some epithelial and cancer cells. Similar to other chemokines, CXCL10 plays a role in immunomodulation, inflammation, hematopoiesis, chemotaxis and leukocyte trafficking. CONCLUSIONS: Recent studies indicate that the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis may act as a double-edged sword in terms of pro- and anti-cancer activities in a variety of tissues and cells, especially in melanoma cells and their microenvironments. Most of these activities arise from the CXCR3 splice variants CXCR3-A, CXCR3-B and CXCR3-Alt. In this review, we discuss the pro- and anti-cancer properties of CXCL10 in various types of tissues and cells, particularly melanoma cells, including its potential as a therapeutic target.
Entities:
Keywords:
CXCL10; CXCR3; Cancer therapy; Chemokine; Immunomodulation; Melanoma
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