Miwa Noda1,2, Takaaki Masuda1, Shuhei Ito1, Taro Tobo3, Akihiro Kitagawa1, Qingjiang Hu1, Dai Shimizu1, Hidetoshi Eguchi1,2, Tsuyoshi Etoh2, Shinji Ohno4, Masafumi Inomata2, Koshi Mimori5. 1. Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan. 2. Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan. 3. Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan. 4. Breast Oncology Center, The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR, Tokyo, Japan. 5. Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan. kmimori@beppu.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors have shown significant therapeutic promise in various cancers. However, the clinical significance of PD-1 expression remains not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the clinical and prognostic relevance of PD-1 expression in breast cancer (BC). METHODS: First, we analyzed PD-1 mRNA expression in BC tissues and performed a survival analysis using a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Next, we measured PD-1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood (PB) in BC patients by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. We performed a survival analysis and evaluated the association between PD-1 mRNA expression in PB and the clinicopathological features of 372 BC patients who underwent curative resection. Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis was performed to identify PD-1-expressing cells in PB. Finally, we determined whether there was a correlation of PD-1 mRNA expression in PB and tumor tissue. RESULTS: PD-1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. Decreased PD-1 mRNA expression in tumor tissue was associated with poor overall survival (OS). PD-1 mRNA expression in PB of BC patients was higher than that of healthy volunteers, and increased PD-1 mRNA expression in PB was associated with poor OS. FCM revealed that PD-1 was mostly expressed on T cells in PB, predominantly in CD4+ T cells. PD-1 mRNA expression in PB was negatively correlated with PD-1 mRNA expression in tumor tissue. CONCLUSION: High expression of PD-1 mRNA in preoperative PB could serve as an effective biomarker that indicates poor prognosis in BC.
BACKGROUND: Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors have shown significant therapeutic promise in various cancers. However, the clinical significance of PD-1 expression remains not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the clinical and prognostic relevance of PD-1 expression in breast cancer (BC). METHODS: First, we analyzed PD-1 mRNA expression in BC tissues and performed a survival analysis using a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Next, we measured PD-1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood (PB) in BC patients by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. We performed a survival analysis and evaluated the association between PD-1 mRNA expression in PB and the clinicopathological features of 372 BC patients who underwent curative resection. Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis was performed to identify PD-1-expressing cells in PB. Finally, we determined whether there was a correlation of PD-1 mRNA expression in PB and tumor tissue. RESULTS: PD-1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. Decreased PD-1 mRNA expression in tumor tissue was associated with poor overall survival (OS). PD-1 mRNA expression in PB of BC patients was higher than that of healthy volunteers, and increased PD-1 mRNA expression in PB was associated with poor OS. FCM revealed that PD-1 was mostly expressed on T cells in PB, predominantly in CD4+ T cells. PD-1 mRNA expression in PB was negatively correlated with PD-1 mRNA expression in tumor tissue. CONCLUSION: High expression of PD-1 mRNA in preoperative PB could serve as an effective biomarker that indicates poor prognosis in BC.
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